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Aflatoxins
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INTRODUCTION Aflatoxins, the natural contaminants of feedstuffs, are toxic metabolites produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins may cause serious economic losses in the poultry industry because they prevent birds from achieving optimum body weight gains (Khatke et al., 2012; Oguz and Kurtoglu, 2000) Small amounts of aflatoxin B 1 may cause reduction in economic parameters, hatchability and also cause increased susceptibility to...
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Abstract To evaluate the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and their interactions on blood biochemicals and organ histopathology, dayold broiler chicks (n=288) were divided into 9 treatment groups (T1: control; T2: T1+150 ppb AFB1; T3: T1+300 ppb AFB1; T4: T1+150 ppb OTA; T5: T1+250 ppb OTA; T6: T1+150 ppb AFB1+150 ppb OTA; T7: T1+150 ppb AFB1+250 ppb OTA; T8: T1+300 ppb AFB1+150 ppb OTA; T9: T1+300 ppb AFB1+250 ppb OTA). Each diet was fed to 4 replicated groups...
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Good day all, I'm Muhammed Jimoh Ibrahim a PhD research student from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. Working on Aflatoxin residues in carcasses and eggs. Please a professional advise on the laboratory to perform my bench work. I am looking on performing HPLC, GC/MS and other sensitive test. Thank you. Your information and advise will be appreciated. ...
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1. Introduction Various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, decisively contribute to the specific characteristics of dry-fermented foods. However, the environmental conditions during the ripening of dry-fermented foods favor colonization of their surface by toxigenic molds that are able to produce mycotoxins on such foods. Aflatoxins have long been a major concern in cheese [1–5] and recent studies have highlighted their presence in dry-cured meats...
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Developing countries that export food internationally are increasingly aware of the need for sound food safety programmes that are in line with international standards.
To mitigate this threat, the first Aflatoxin Control Laboratory was established at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) by the US Department of Agriculture in collaboration with technical support from Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) provides...
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Vice President Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), along with USAID Mission Director Joakim Parker, have launched a nationwide campaign to combat aflatoxins that contaminate improperly handled grain, causing severe health complications, including liver cancer and stunting.
The campaign, supported through USAID’s Feed the Future programme, aims to provide advice and informational materials for farmers, processors,...
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Abstract To study the ameliorative impact of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and sodium butyrate (NaB) during simultaneous aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis on carcass traits and organ weights, day-old broiler chicks (n=320) were divided into 10 treatment groups (T0: control; T1: T0+300 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)+250 ppb ochratoxin A (OTA); T2: T1+0.15% MOS; T3: T1+0.3% MOS; T4: T1+500 mg/kg NaB; T5: T1+1000 mg/kg NaB; T6: T1+0.15% MOS+500 mg/kg NaB; T7: T1+0.15% MOS+1000 mg/kg NaB;...
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In recent decades there has been a growth in the interaction of people with dogs and cats, mainly because of the proximity of the human relationship with pets. This relationship involves walking, bathing and grooming, visits to the veterinarian and even a special diet, as pets are treated as an integral part of the family. Recent data from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) show that Brazil has 53 million dogs and 22 million cats, placing the country in fourth place in...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are among the microbial toxins of most concern to public health, and they represent a barrier to a wider international trade of agri-food products and an important obstacle in the face of the harmonization of regulatory standards globally, as was discussed earlier [1]. They are produced by various mould species as low-molecular-weight non-immunogenic secondary metabolites whose occurrence has been reported in virtually all foods and feeds...
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1. Introduction The warm and humid climate conditions of sub-Saharan Africa promote the growth of fungi and associated production of mycotoxins. Approximately 25% of grains harvested annually worldwide contain mycotoxins. Ingestion of these contaminated foods can lead to disease and death [1]. Aflatoxin is the most prevalent and harmful human mycotoxin reported to date [2]. Aflatoxins are common food contaminants produced as secondary metabolites of fungi belonging to...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites with adverse effects on human and animal health. To date, more than 400 different molecules, produced by several types of fungi, have been characterized [1]. Because of their high toxicity, aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 (AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 ) are the most important, and are produced by the species of Aspergillus section...
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In Senegal, groundnut and maize are commonly contaminated with highly toxic, cancer-causing chemicals called aflatoxins, which are produced by fungi in the genus Aspergillus when they infect crops. The main aflatoxin-producing species is A. flavus . This contamination typically occurs before harvest and can worsen depending on storage conditions. Consumption of these crops when containing high aflatoxin levels can result in rapid death.
However, not all...
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Introduction The occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is a problem of major concern in all over the world. Profitability of poultry production can be greatly affected due to the frequency of feed contamination and the detrimental effects of these toxins on the performance (Hamilton, 1984). Aflatoxins, a group of closely related and biologically active mycotoxins, are produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They commonly occur as natural...
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INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific filamentous fungi that are common contaminants of agricultural commodities. The magnitude of the problem of mycotoxin contamination of agricultural commodities is demonstrated by Mannon and Johnson (1985) stating that one fourth of the grains produced worldwide are contaminated by mycotoxins. FAO has also estimated that worldwide about 25 per cent of crops are affected annually with mycotoxins (Jelinek et al....
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INTRODUCTION Many mycotoxins can cause serious health problems in poultry and their presence in feedstuffs may result in a serious economic losses. Aflatoxins belong to a group of mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by fungi of the Aspergillus genus, especially A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius (Kurtzman et al. 1987). Crops contaminated with aflatoxins are a worldwide problem and approximately 25% of world’s food supply is contaminated with mycotoxins...
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1. The problem of postharvest food waste and toxicity A central issue for the 21st century is to continue to feed the growing human population in a sustainable manner, while accommodating the effects of climate change and limiting expansion of agricultural land and water use. Although predictions vary, there is little doubt that the human population will increase to 9 to 10 billion from the present 7.6 billion during this century (United Nations, 2015). The Food and Agriculture...
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Introduction In southern Brazil, crop-livestock integration (CLI) is an alternative to the rotation system, which uses winter grains in succession to summer crops and allows for more efficient use of the soil. Crop rotation provides the property with higher diversity, lowering the economic risk of only producing grains, and improves the soil (SANTOS et al., 2013a). In western Paraná, where there is a rotation between soy in summer and corn in winter, crop rotation can be...
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Introduction Aflatoxins are mycotoxins of major concern to the dairy industry. Most mycotoxins are found in grain, usually grown in a drought, although they may contaminate pasture grass and occasionally hay. Most frequently, aflatoxins are found in corn (see Figures 1-3) and cottonseed, and sometimes in their byproducts, but also on rare occasions in soybeans or distiller's grain. Peanut products also may be contaminated with aflatoxins and can...
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Introduction Contamination of poultry feeds with aflatoxin is one of the major problems associated with the feeding of poultry. Aflatoxin occurs over a wide variety of substrates of practical importance to poultry feeding (maize, rice, wheat, groundnut cake, cottonseed meal, sunflower cake, soybean meal and compounded feeds). Aflatoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by a certain species of fungus of the genus Aspergillus (especially A. flavus and A. parasiticus)....
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Mycotoxins exposure and one health (OH) The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasingly falls on the low- and middle-income countries and highlights the need for prevention of NCDs to be a part of development initiatives to reduce poverty and associated social and health inequalities. NCDs and novel (toxicant-related) zoonoses are linked with new issues in food safety, such as the environment– feed–food chain and toxic exposures of food producing animals...
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