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It is not the Mycotoxins that replicate themselves or form themselves, but the various fungi or Mycelium which produce them. It is the fungi that require the conducive environment to produce mycotoxins and various fungi produce peculiar, or multiple Mycotoxins that range from Aflatoxin to Fuminoxin, DON and Zearalenone, etc. The conducive factors for these fungi must include appropriate substrate like corn, soy, groundnut, wheat, etc on which they require to grow. Water content in the...
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1. Introduction Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the main metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is one of the four most common variants of Aflatoxins (AFs) [1–6]. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of AFM1 alone or mixed with AFB1 and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) [7], although of lower potency than AFB1 [8,9]. When cattle ingest food or feed contaminated by AFs, it is estimated that up to 6.2 % of the content of AFB1 is transformed into AFM1 and excreted in milk...
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Peter Davies (University of Minnesota) shared information and reports on foodborne pathogens and antibiotic use, during the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium....
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INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are reservoirs of bioactive compounds used by humans since early ages in traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of diseases due to their therapeutic potential (Arun and Varsha, 2014; Dilfuza et al., 2015). According to Oluwafemi et al. (2020); Adewale et al. (2020), there are over 500,000 species of medicinal plants identified globally which has led to the discovery of novel drugs or new pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of...
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World's leading trade fair for livestock professionals taking place in Hanover, Germany, 15-18 November, 2022; 80 percent of exhibition space already booked; Most important industry event of the year; international professional events in the technical program; Value chains in focus; Co-located partner trade fair “EnergyDecentral” puts current energy topics in the spotlight
Strong exhibitor interest is being registered for the EuroTier trade fair, to be held in...
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Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enveloped single-stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to the Order Nidovirales, the family Coronaviridae and the genus Alphacoronavirus (Saif et al. [1]). Following detection in the US swine population during May, 2013, the virus spread rapidly across the country and 6317 cases of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) have been confirmed in 29 states as of May 3, 2014 [2,3]. While little information is known regarding the...
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Former poultry chief executive Steve Olson is slated to speak at the Animal Agriculture Alliance’s 2022 Stakeholders Summit. During an interactive workshop, Olson will have attendees consider how their personal and organizational vision, mission and values contribute to the future of animal agriculture, while receiving valuable information and tools that inspire and equip them to take action. Participants will leave informed and ready to do even more to come together for animal...
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Edgar Oviedo-Rondón (North Carolina State University) went over the research presented in different papers on this subject, during IPPE 2022 in Atlanta, USA....
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by certain groups of fungi during their growth in food and feed products, which can lead to several toxic effects in animals and humans [1]. The most important fungal genera that produce mycotoxins are Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, and the main classes of mycotoxins produced by these genera are the aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone...
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Introduction Antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. 1 Microbes can become resistant to antimicrobials as a result of ineffective or prolonged antimicrobial treatment. This resistance may be “innate” owing to the slow and long evolutionary process that microorganisms undergo to adapt to changing environmental conditions; this adaptation is...
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Introduction Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen commonly associated with raw poultry and poultry products causing 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations and 450 deaths, annually in the United States [1]. Between 2009 and 2015, 15% of the top 5 pathogen-food category pair out-breaks were attributed to Salmonellosis associated with chicken consumption [2]. To reduce the prevalence of Salmonella , poultry processors apply antimicrobial...
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1 Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary products of fungal metabolism, with a high capacity to cause damage to human and animal health (Bennett & Klich, 2003). Fungi can naturally proliferate in food and are very commonly found in grains used for animal and human food. The growth is mainly favored by humidity and temperature. Inadequate harvesting and storage practices contribute to fungal contamination (Batatinha et al., 2008). The presence of fungi in...
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1. Introduction Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens. The intestinal tract of poultry and other food animals is considered the main foodborne Salmonella reservoir [1,2]. An increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been reported in poultry Salmonella isolates where antibiotics are extensively used in production systems [3,4]. Although the link between antimicrobial usage in food animals and clinical treatment failures in human salmonellosis...
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Credit picture: by BorgQueen
by University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
Mycotoxins are a group of low-molecular-weight compounds with a...
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Highlights • A total of 5.5% (8/144) of the examined chicken samples were contaminated with MRSA. • Most MRSA isolates (75%, 6/8) harboured the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) gene. • Ø MRSA isolates initiated SEB production in experimentally contaminated chicken livers within 24 h of storage at > 8 °C. •SEB was maximally produced at 24 °C when the MRSA counts reached 7.3x10 3 ± 1.2x10 3 CFU/g...
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The safety and quality of feed materials, such as grain, is a high-profile topic of great importance. Grain is an important and significant source of contamination in the food chain and it also carries the risk of the consumers being exposed to toxins. As grain storage is an integral part of the food and feed supply chain, the storage operations of grain should include the control of any potential hazards (insects, molds, mycotoxins etc.) which could compromise the safety and quality of...
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Foodborne diseases & global scenario: Up to 30% of the inhabitants in developed countries may be affected by food-borne illness each year and the problems are likely to be even more serious in developing countries. The global occurrence of food-borne disease is difficult to evaluate, but in 2005 it was projected that 22 lakhs people, including 18 lakhs children, died from diarrheal diseases(WHO,2015). Microbiological hazards represent 93% of the incidents of food-borne...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins, the secondary fungal metabolites of toxigenic species are mainly produced by the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. These toxigenic species predominantly contaminate cereals during pre- and post-harvest storage and many other stages [1]. The production of mycotoxins in grains depends on several factors, including humidity, temperature, water activity, mechanical damages and fungal toxigenic potentials [2]. Based on their toxicological...
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Importance of animal origin foods and trends of consumption Given their high nutrient density, animal-origin foods have been staples of the human diet along our evolutionary history. Indeed, evidence of meat and bone marrow consumption in hominins can be traced back to around 2.5-2.8 million years ago (De Heinzelin et al., 1999, Thompson et al., 2019). On the other hand, milk from ruminants was introduced into our diets more recently, at least 8500...
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