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Summer heat stress is currently one of the biggest causes of economic losses to the global dairy industry, especially in the hot regions of the world.The International Dairy Federation (IDF) decided to deal with the problem and established recently an expert's committee to examine the issue and recommend ways to deal with it at the global level.After being recommended by the Israeli Dairy Boar ...
Article published the August 18, 2025
1. IntroductionThe term ‘Aflatoxins’ (AFT) typically refers to the sum of variants AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, while ‘Fumonisins’ (FBs) refers to the sum of variants FB1 and FB2 [1]. These groups are mycotoxins produced by molds of genera Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp., which commonly colonize corn [2–4]. The contamination of corn by AFT or FBs (especially the main va ...
Article published the December 6, 2022
1. IntroductionWhile formaldehyde (FA) is naturally present as a low concentration metabolic intermediate in the cells of most living organisms [1,2], it is also found in several foods [1–3].However, the presence of FA in milk, whether for direct consumption or for processing, can be caused by the direct addition of this compound as an “unapproved” preservative to extend its shel ...
Article published the August 5, 2022
1. IntroductionAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the main metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is one of the four most common variants of Aflatoxins (AFs) [1–6]. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of AFM1 alone or mixed with AFB1 and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) [7], although of lower potency than AFB1 [8,9]. When cattle ingest food or feed contaminated by AFs, it is estimated that up to 6 ...
Article published the August 5, 2022
1. IntroductionAflatoxin M1 (AFM1), it is one of five principal metabolites results from the hydroxylation process of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Reaction of enzyme oxidase is associated to cytochrome P450 of the microsomes within the hepatocytes [1–6]. During this oxidative process, AFB1 is successively transformed into two intermediates, Aflatoxicol (AFL) and Aflatoxicol M1, before turning into A ...
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August 5, 2022