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Feed formulation
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I. INTRODUCTION Broiler diets are formulated on the basis of ideal protein ratios (IPR) where selected amino acid requirements are expressed relative to lysine (100). However, IPR have been developed over decades for standard diets rather than diets with reduced-CP. This has led to the possibility that reduced-CP diets require modified IPR. For this reason, two sets of ratios were evaluated in diets with 210 and 180 g/kg CP in a 2 × 2 factorial design. II....
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1-Monoglycerides of short and medium chain fatty acids (monobutyrin, monocaprin and monocaprylin) have shown positive effects on cell metabolism, intestinal integrity and immune system (Calder 2008). However, little is known about their effect on laying hen health, performance and egg quality. Therefore, this study was designed to add further insight into the applied benefits as well as optimal inclusion level of 1-monoglycerides of butyric, capric and caprylic acid on hen performance, their...
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Basic Role of Feed Formulation Feed formulation is a process by which our knowledge of the nutrition of the animal can be translated into feeding programs which achieve our production objectives. These objectives typically include optimizing growth performance and producing a final carcass that can be converted into safe, healthy and appealing consumer meat products. This must be done in a profitable manner that concurrently contributes to environmental sustainability and animal...
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1. Introduction Extrusion has been widely used in feed processing for over 70 years [1]. It can change the physio-chemical properties of feed ingredients by applying constant moisture, pressure, and high temperature with the combination of shear force. Thus, extruded ingredients have greater nutrient utilization and reduced anti-nutritional factors [2]. Full-fat rice bran (FFRB), an important by-product of the rice milling industry, is commonly used as an alternative to...
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The economic situation in the poultry market in Poland often forces farmers to consider which path they should follow. There are always several solutions to choose from. The common approaches include switching to another farming sector, reducing or suspending production, and, in extreme situations, even depopulating the flock. Yet I believe it is always worthwhile to ponder over the topic of optimization of costs and their re-calculation in respect of a particular flock. Farming is...
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Nutritional strategies to improve performance of broilers offered reduced crude protein (RCP) diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids are of interest to the poultry industry. We hypothesized that the dietary inclusion of moderate amounts of insoluble fibre would stimulate gizzard function and increase the retention time of digesta in the foregut allowing more time for exogenous protease to act on their substrates leading to greater digestibility of protein/amino acids and better...
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Recent studies have shown that the decreased performance of broilers associated with feeding a reduced crude protein (RCP) diet cannot be fully recovered by supplementing essential amino acids (Hilliar et al., 2019). We hypothesized that the dietary inclusion of moderate amounts of insoluble fibre would improve gizzard function and protein/amino acid digestibility that could help to restore the performance loss associated with feeding a RCP diet. This study investigated the effects of oat...
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I. INTRODUCTION Phytases have been heavily researched for decades and been used commercially since the early 1990s). Phytase from microbial origin is therefore added to monogastric diets as it can reduce the incorporation of inorganic P sources in the feed, reducing feed cost and P excretion in the environment. Phytate is the main storage form of phosphate in plant matter and in vegetable feed ingredients where it can normally be found in concentrations of 5 to 25 g/kg (CVB,...
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L-GLYCINE is used as a ligand to form the chelate.
Glycine has the lowest molecular weight with a high bonding capacity to the mineral.
Glycine has a specific site of absorption (active and passive) in the intestine compared to Methionine, Cystine etc.
Reaction between Glycine and mineral is complete to yield a specific...
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Wes Schweer (Cargill) comments on the use of zinc oxide, as well as adjusting levels in swine diets, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Kathryn Price (Cargill) comments on gut health and dosing in swine nutrition, during this Swine It roundtable with Ken Mooney (Cargill) and host Laura Greiner....
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I. Introduction Typical Australian broiler diets contain 2.5-3.0 g/kg phytate-P or roughly 10.0 g/kg phytate; therefore, phytase is included into every Australian broiler diet. As phytase is capable of increasing the availability of phosphorus, calcium, sodium, amino acids and energy content of diets, these nutrients may be decreased in the feed formulations as ‘matrix values’ without adverse effects on the birds’ growth performance (Dersjant-Li et al. 2020)....
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There is increasing evidence that supplementing small amounts of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) into poultry diets has positive effects on bird performance and gastrointestinal health. Soluble XOS that reach the caeca intact are utilised by beneficial bacteria, inducing positive effects such as increased production of short chain fatty acids (Aachary & Prapulla, 2011). Commercial endo-xylanases are added to diets to reduce digesta viscosity, but have the side effect of producing...
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Wheat has traditionally been the target substrate ingredient for xylanase application, due to its high arabinoxylan content causing increased digesta viscosity. However, numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of supplementing non-viscous corn-based diets with xylanase, on broiler performance and energy, protein and dry matter digestibility (Rabello et al., 2021; Stefanello et al., 2016). This is thought to be attributable to production of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) as a...
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Dr. Mário Penz (Cargill) talks about how to keep improving nutrition analysis, taking into account digestibility coefficients and ingredient quality, among other factors, during this Engormix interview....
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Fibre is a nutrient that has been largely ignored in feed formulation, not because it is unimportant, but because it is not well known what ‘fibre’ actually stands for. Firstly, the terms used to describe fibre in feed are confusing and the values they represent are inaccurate. For instance, ‘crude fibre’ is a 19th century relic that does not mean much in monogastric animal nutrition. Its continued use in feed formulation perhaps represents the single largest source...
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I. Introduction The development of reduced-CP diets in broiler chickens is gaining more interest as it would drastically lessen the dependence on imported soybean meal which is strategically important for non-soybean producing regions such as Australia and Europe. Modest reductions in CP are already being realised by inclusions of unbound (synthetic or crystalline) methionine, lysine and threonine, which have been routinely included in poultry diets for decades (Kidd et al., 2013)....
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I Introduction In recent years, based on ideal amino acids profile, a moderate reduction in dietary CP, 20 to 30 g/kg, has been reported to maintain broiler chicken performance and processing yields. However, further reduction of CP more than 30 g/kg has been shown to compromise bird performance and increase adipose fat accumulation (Kidd et al, 2021). These reduced CP levels are usually achieved by increasing feed grains such as wheat inclusion at the expense of soybean meal,...
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Despite extensive research on reduced protein (RP) diets in broiler chickens, the consequences of such practices for gut health and barrier function are not well defined. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of reduced protein and the source of protein. The control normal protein level diets had either meat and bone meal (MBM) or an all-vegetable diet (VEG). Accordingly, four diets were formulated; 1) VEG standard protein, 2) standard protein containing MBM, 3) RP (17.5% in...
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I Introduction The development of reduced-crude protein (CP) diets for broiler chickens holds several potential advantages including reduced dependency on imported soybean meal by the Australian chicken-meat industry. Typically, reduced-CP diets contain less soybean meal but more feed grain (and starch) and more synthetic/crystalline amino acids. However, reducing dietary CP from 200 to 150 g/kg in isoenergetic diets has been shown to depress body weight gain, impair food conversion...
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