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Vitamins and minerals in dairy cattle nutrition
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The constant search to improve the productive rates of animal species used by man for the production of food has led to the problematic of nutritional needs increase, generating the appearance of metabolic problems due to inefficient rations. These problems arise due to the limitations that many producers face in the fields, both extensive and intensive exploitations. Most important limiting factors in the diet have always been energy and protein;...
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Optimal production with healthy animals and high gain involves knowledge of all nutrients used in the herd. Roughage, concentrated feed and grain are tangible and it is possible to receive an analysis or a package leaflet on those. Probably most people see minerals and vitamins in a different light. Of course, there is a tag on the bag, but what does it say and what is the requirements of the animals?
VM Sheep package...
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Malnutrition refers to an incorrect use of nutrients and is accepted as one of the major constraints in the production of livestock (Radostis, 2002). Insufficient energy is very often responsible for low production. However, despite a correct energy management has been observed that it can result in deterioration in the production due to vitamin and mineral imbalances (McDowell, 1984).
Among the essential vitamin and mineral...
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Introduction This paper will describe how environmental quality is interrelated with feed management and whole farm nutrient management by using the nutrients of N and P to demonstrate the concepts and connections between feed management and whole farm nutrient management. In addition, this paper will focus on aspects of manure management related to the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals to the environment. The intent...
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INTRODUCTION Chromium (Cr) has appeared as trace mineral that play a pivotal role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, along with protein synthesis, growth and longevity (Mertz, 1993). Furthermore, carcass quality and production is also influenced by stress level of animal during their growth and fattening stages. Since Cr has known to lessen the stress and strengthen the immune response, therefore, appropriate regimen of dietary Cr could be a...
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Steve Elliot, Global Product Director at Alltech, speaks about Q+ (Quality Plus), the mineral quality control program unique to Bioplex Trace Minerals that offers a global quality guarantee to customers using Bioplex Trace Minerals....
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ALLTECH 2003 CD: Selenium nutrition of dairy cows: comparing responses to organic and inorganic selenium forms
Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
Introduction ...
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INTRODUCTION Livestock plays an important role in the economy of Pakistan. This sector contributed approximately 53.2 percent of the agriculture value added and 11.4 percent to national GDP during 2009-10. Gross value addition of livestock at current cost factor has increased form Rs. 1304.6 billion (2008-09) to Rs. 1537.5 billion (2009-10) showing an increase of 17.8 % (Economic survey of Pakistan 2009-10). In spite of the...
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Currenlty, what kind of trace mineral which is affect to the reproduction such fertility in cattle, goat or sheep? ...
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Various mineral supplements are available and frequently used in formulating rations. A list of commonly used supplements is shown in Table 1 . MAJOR MINERALS AND VITAMINS Considerable research has been done to establish the mineral needs of high producers and to define the role of minerals in nutritional biochemistry. Table 2 shows the current levels of the major or macro minerals recommended for dairy...
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Water is the most essential of all nutrients required by animals. Water functions in the digestion and metabolism of nutrients, elimination of waste products from the body via urine, feces and respiration, transport of nutrients and other compounds into and out of cells, electrolyte balance in the body and as a fluid environment for the developing fetus. A lactating dairy cow has one of the largest requirements for water of any animal. This is because 56 to 81%...
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The scientific literature contains evidence that the nutrient status of lactating dairy cows can have a direct bearing on reproductive status. Pregnancy rate has been improved by manipulating the mineral (Hurley and Doane, 1989), vitamin (Seymour, 2001), energy (Butler, 2001), protein (Butler, 1998), and lipid fractions (Staples et al., 1998) of the diet. Nevertheless the amount of knowledge in this area is not great. Collective efforts of nutritionists, reproductive physiologists,...
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Feeding of corn co-products like distillers grains and corn gluten has changed the mineral balance in winter cattle diets, said Dennis Bauer, Brown County Extension Educator.
Those products are really high in phosphorus, Bauer said. When ranchers begin feeding two to three pounds of these co-products, they can discontinue phosphorus supplementation completely and just feed salt with a little bit of copper and zinc.
Deficiencies of phosphorus, copper and zinc are of primary...
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Lactating cow diets containing phosphorus ( P ) concentrations of 0.35 to 0.36% (dry matter basis) are recommended by the national committee of dairy nutritionists in 2001. This is a lower P concentration than what was recommended in the previous dairy feeding guidelines of 1989. Guidelines for feeding P in 1989 were largely based upon studies published prior to 1950 that used cattle grazing pastures deficient in P and likely other nutrients as well. These grazing cattle had...
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Various mineral supplements are available and frequently used in formulating rations. A list of commonly used supplements is shown in Table 1 . MAJOR MINERALS AND VITAMINS Considerable research has been done to establish the mineral needs of high producers and to define the role of minerals in nutritional biochemistry. Table 2 shows the current levels of the major or macro minerals recommended for dairy cattle rations. TRACE MINERALS AND...
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Amino Acid formulation is a common practice in monogastric nutrition, and it’s use allows nutritionist to reformulate rations for a lower cost. Thanks to the scientific work done in the past decades and the actual commercial experience of Kemin on amino acid balance in dairy nutrition, the same concept is applicable in the dairy industry. Most of the dairy cow rations lack an essential amino acid, Methionine. As a result, if the cow does not have enough levels of...
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We've all heard the theory of limitation in reference to plant nutrients and productivity - that old illustration of a barrel that can only hold as much water as the lowest "stave" allows. We commonly relate this analogy to soil fertility and assign the staves as N, P, K, PH, etc. This same analogy can be used in reference to the functionality of the dairy cow and assign not only protein and energy to the "staves," but also Ca, P, Mg, etc. In times of declining milk prices it is easy to "cut...
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Selenium is a very important trace mineral. Reproductive problems, retained placentas, white muscle disease and an inadequate immune system (leading to mastitis and metritis) may result when selenium is deficient in a livestock ration. Selenium was first identified in the 1930s as a toxic element. Selenium levels of 100 to over 9000 mg/kg can be found in selenium accumulator plants. Consumption of these plants leads to rapid death. Chronic toxicity can occur at 5 mg/kg.
Manitoba is...
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Potassium (K) levels in some forages, e.g. cereals and legumes are on the rise. They are often over 2% and in some cases, over 3%. This has created difficulties in balancing rations for cattle.
Background
K is the third most abundant mineral in the body. It is found primarily in skin and muscle and is important for maintaining proper osmotic balance within cells. ...
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As environmental regulations require dairies to control nutrients, producers must find ways to decrease nitrogen and phosphorus excretions. To control nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretions, managers must formulate rations that minimize the import of these nutrients. And they must do that without sacrificing milk production, herd health, reproduction and profit. This is possible, as answers to the following questions prove. Q: What is the N balance on New...
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