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Dairy cattle reproductive management
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INTRODUCTION Nigeria is the world’s most populous black nation with over 140 million people (13), however, with relatively low number of food animals to the teaming population (5). Demographic figures indicate that there are 13.9 million heads of cattle, 22.1 million sheep, 34.5 million goats and 800,000 camels in Nigeria (7). The meat and milk obtained from these animals constitute the major sources of animal protein to a greater part of the population. Hides and skin...
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James Quigley, Technical & Research Manager, Calf & Heifer (Provimi), presented the new Cargill program and covered different topics on dairy nutrition and management in Pilar, Argentina....
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Most soils in New Zealand are low in Se to various degrees, and an efficient supplementation of selenium is therefore crucial to maintain the reproductive and productive performances of animals. Listen to Triana Parker, Country Manager at BEC Feed Solutions. Trina will share her experience with her NZ customers on the use of Selisseo in ruminants with us. ...
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Achieving high conception rate is one of the conditions for achieving efficient production of milk at farm level. For many years the Israeli dairy industry suffered, like other farms in warm countries, a significant decline in the ability to pregnant the cows during summer months, causing reduction in the efficiency of milk production and seasonality in milk supply to the industry and market. Unlike the effect of heat on cow's production which is largely depends on the cow's food...
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We have Holstein Fresian heifers in advanced pregnancy imported from Australia. In some animal the quarter on left rear side have firm swelling of tissue like firosis . The treatment with ketoprofen and antibiotic respond good.The question is what may the cause of this swelling ? Secondly, should we treat it or wait for parturation of the affected animals? ...
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It is difficult to present scientifically defensible definitions and specifications for what constitutes "cow comfort", but there is no doubt those good managers "know it when they see it".
Today's dairy cow may face a wide variety of environmental stressors. These may include heat stress, overcrowding, infectious challenge, poor ventilation, poor footing, uncomfortable stalls, poor management of grouping and cow movement, and rough handling. The effects...
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When a farmer begin to think of setting up a dairy farm a number of queries and confusions are there but the foremost aim of a dairy owner is to maximize its profits and grow the business. To achieve this aim, a farmer needs to have a number of establishing plans in his mind. Along with designing a proper strategy, he also need to have an approach that delivers him not only a huge profit but also a sustainable growth. When we talk of the word sustainable, we generally mean to have optimum...
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Maintaining a high level of reproductive efficiency is required if dairy herd profitability is to be maximized. Reproductive performance of a dairy herd is a function of certain management policies and how well these management policies are implemented in the day-today management of the herd. The first step in evaluating the reproductive performance is to identify key measurements and use them as guides in developing or altering herd management policies and...
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When a cow becomes pregnant, some of the nutrients it consumes will be used by the developing calf. There is no other time in the calf’s life when the development of tissues, organs and systems is occurring as rapidly as early weeks in utero.
While the volume of nutrients needed as building blocks for this process is very small, in the first few weeks after conception access to the specific nutrients necessary is critical. Providing these nutrients to the cow to enhance the...
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Breeding efficiency is directly related to the prosperity of dairy industry. Infertility among dairy farm animals is one of the great economic problems which confront the vets. It is particularly wide spread in cattle and buffaloes (Yadav et al., 1991). The case of infertility are numerous, varied and complicated hence so many factors are concerned in successful reproduction. Delayed maturity and infertility in heifer, cattle and buffaloes are the major...
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Background Since the initial development of in vitro embryo production, the technique has been applied successfully to many species for clinical, commercial, and research purposes. In the early days, it was common practice to supplement culture media with serum to support embryo development in many species. But subsequently, serum has been associated with fetal overgrowth in ruminants to give the so-called Large Offspring Syndrome at birth [1]. In cattle, serum supplementation...
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Introduction The periparturient period in dairy cows is characterized by substantial metabolic stress, endocrine changes, depressed feed intake, and negative energy balance [1]. In response to these changes, dairy cows mobilize adipose tissue triglyceride (TG), leading to elevated non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in the blood. The high flux of blood NEFA to the liver often exceeds the capacity of the liver to completely oxidize NEFA to CO 2 , resulting in...
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Introduction Acquisition of passive immunity is essential to calf health and growth. Provision of IgG using colostrum replacer (CR) products is increasingly common in the industry, but few data are available to document half-life of CR-derived IgG, particularly when varying amounts of CR are fed. Our objective was to evaluate concentrations of serum IgG in calves fed varying amounts of CR for the first 2 mo of life. ...
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Lipids are metabolic regulators of reproduction in dairy cattle. As pregnancy losses are substantial in dairy cattle, it is necessary to implement strategies to counter this issue. Among them, nutritiona ones, and particularly fatty acids, are day by day proven to be more effective. Early stages of conceptus development constitutes a window of action, as this period requires substantial coordination of lipid metabolism by conceptus cells (changes in concentration or composition of fatty...
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1. Introduction Social licking is defined as the act of one individual licking the body of another [1]. This behavior is routinely observed at birth when the dam licks her offspring [2], at courtship when the male licks a female in estrus [3], but it also occurs in other contexts between animals of the same sex and age [4] A variety of functions for this behavior have been proposed. For example, recipients of social licking may benefit from improved...
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Introduction The transition period, 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after parturition, is important for health, reproduction, production and profitability of dairy cows (Bertoni et al. , 2008). In this period cows are affected by different stressors including the increase of body lipid mobilization, oxidative stress, major changes in endocrine status, and altered immune function, which together result in an increased risk of diseases (Jonsson et al. ,...
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The University of Kentucky is teaming up with the University of Minnesota to offer the 2017 Conference on Precision Dairy Farming in Lexington.
The conference is May 30 through June 1 at UK’s Coldstream Dairy Farm and the Hyatt Regency in downtown Lexington. Although the early deadline has passed, registration is still available.
“We have designed this conference for dairy producers and practical applications rather than just focusing on presenting research...
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Introduction Testicular temperature of bulls must be 2 to 6° C cooler than body temperature to allow normal spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm. Exposure of bulls to increased ambient temperatures results in reduced semen quality (Casady et al., 1953; Skinner and Louw, 1966; Meyerhoeffer et al., 1985). Local heating of the scrotum of bulls for a few days causes a reduction in the number of sperm ejaculated (Austin...
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Artificial insemination is a powerful tool for genetic improvement that enhances the value of bred heifers. A longer duration of estrus and more mounting activity makes the detection of estrus in heifers easier than in lactating cows, thus heifers are generally more sexually active than cows and easier to catch in estrus.
For optimum fertility, heifers should have three or more estrous cycles before the breeding season begins. If the goal is to average 24 months of age at first...
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