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Heat stress in dairy cattle
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Heat stress refers to the sum of non-specific physiological responses of the organism at high temperature to any requirements of the thermal environment. The main factors causing heat stress are ambient temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and airflow. It is judged that the heat stress of dairy cows is mainly reflected by temperature and humidity index (THI). When THI > 72, heat stress occurs. Temperature? (?) Relative Humidity(100%) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 25 (77) - - 72 73 74...
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The summer heat stress is one of the largest causes of economic losses to dairy farms in the world. In particularly hot regions, a drop of more than 1,500 liters par lactation from cow’s potential is reported, with a loss in potential annual net income of about $ 600 per cow. Optimizing cow cooling can reduce the annual production loss to less than 200 liters, and the financial loss to almost $ 100, improving per cow profitability by 500 $, annually. In recent years, we started...
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In the last 40 years, Israeli researchers realized comparative studies in order to define the negative effect of heat stress in dairy cows and the effect of using cooling methods to mitigate the heat and reduce the losses in the productivity and fertility of the cows during summer. Recently, an index called "summer to winter ratio" was developed in the Israeli dairy sector. This index allows to...
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Achieving high conception rate is one of the conditions for achieving efficient production of milk at farm level. For many years the Israeli dairy industry suffered, like other farms in warm countries, a significant decline in the ability to pregnant the cows during summer months, causing reduction in the efficiency of milk production and seasonality in milk supply to the industry and market. Unlike the effect of heat on cow's production which is largely depends on the cow's food...
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Dairy sectors all over the world have been using the cattle heat load index (THI) as a mean of characterizing the climatic conditions to which cows are exposed. This is true when analyzing the results of experiments and surveys, as well as the routine by which milk producers operate their farms. The heat load index is based on a formula that includes the ambient temperature and relative humidity at a given time. Until recently, the value of THI 72 had been defined as a threshold value...
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Different encapsulation techniques lead to varying levels of nutrient bioavailability
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The "Winter-Summer Ratio" report was developed by Dr. Israel Flamenbaum and Ephraim Ezra. This report reflects the gap in the performance of cows in different seasons and the ability of the individual farm to cope with the negative impact of the summer. The report has been published regularly since 2005, including milk production, fat and protein percentages, SCC, and Conception Rate to all inseminations. For the analysis three...
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Cooling means to reduce heat stress from cows was developed over the last four decades in Israel, and are applied to a different degree of success in many farms in the world. Cooling cows in the farm is based on the daily routine, which includes of cooling the cows by a combination of wetting and forced ventilation in the waiting yard and in the feeding line. In addition, cows are force ventilated in resting area. ...
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Summer heat stress causes significant economic losses to the U.S. livestock and especially the dairy industry. Different studies conducted in the United States indicate an annual loss of about $ 1.5 billion to the dairy US industry. This is due to unsuccessful confrontation of US dairy farmers with the heat stress problem. The losses differ of course, between different regions of the United States, with northern temperate climates, the annual milk loss per cow in Midwest...
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Summer losses in milk production are usually related to the negative impact of summer heat stress on the lactating cow. Actually, this is true, due to the large negative effect of heat stress on feed consumption and the efficiency of feed utilization of the lactating cow, as well as on reproductive traits. Recently, it was found that also dry cows, although they are not producing milk, are negatively affected when subjected to heat stress conditions, mainly, due to lower milk and milk solids...
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Get an easy way to measure heat stress in your dairy farm and save your income from going up in smoke! Think about our Phileo heat stress App for dairy cows....
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Heat stress is now considered to be the cause of the largest economical loss to the world’s dairy sector. The reasons for this are global warming, the increase in milk output per cow and the “immigration” of dairy sectors from temperate to tropical and sub-tropical regions, where the demand for milk in most cases is increasing.
Heat stress negatively affects the...
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Different encapsulation techniques lead to varying levels of nutrient bioavailability
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Half of the birds reared worldwide are estimated to suffer from the consequences of heat stress during the summer period. The first visible sign is an increase in the water: feed ratio, however recent research has also shown that excessively hot conditions have an impact on the gut structure and its permeability. Reduced feed consumption and decreased intestinal integrity and function result in the decreased energy intake, animal discomfort and the reduced...
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Cooling means to reduce heat stress from cows have been developed over the last four decades in Israel, and are applied to a different degree of success in many farms in the world. Cooling cows in the farm is based largely on the daily routine, which includes cooling the cows in the waiting yards, before and between milking sessions, as well as in the feeding line, around feeding time. Cows are usually forced ventilated in resting area, if it is in free stalls or compost...
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Taxation on the dairy activity varies from country to country. Some countries exempt farmers from paying income tax, others reduced tax rates and some countries ask dairy farmers to pay full tax on their income. However, no country exempts the dairy farmers from paying "tax to the summer", which is paid due to lack of coping with the summer heat stress negative effect on their cows.
How much is this tax rate? This is, of course, different from country to country and depends on...
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Dealing effectively with heat stress in dairy herds is an essential management issue throughout the nation, but Southeastern dairy producers are forced to deal with extreme heat and humidity for prolonged periods. Heat stress decreases feed intake and milk production, decreases milk components including fat, lowers breeding success, and compromises the immune system, which increases the risk for multiple diseases. Hot and humid environments also allow mastitis pathogens to thrive. Below...
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Introduction Heat stress causes major losses ($ 2.4 billion) in animal production, including dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine and poultry in the USA (St-Pierre et al., 2003). Heat stress affects feed intake, body temperature, maintenance requirements and metabolic processes, feed efficiency, milk yield, reproductive efficiency, behavior and disease incidence (Cook et al., 2007; Tucker et al., 2007; Rhoads et al., 2009). Water is necessary for a proper rumination and digestion...
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Introduction Testicular temperature of bulls must be 2 to 6° C cooler than body temperature to allow normal spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm. Exposure of bulls to increased ambient temperatures results in reduced semen quality (Casady et al., 1953; Skinner and Louw, 1966; Meyerhoeffer et al., 1985). Local heating of the scrotum of bulls for a few days causes a reduction in the number of sperm ejaculated (Austin...
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Different encapsulation techniques lead to varying levels of nutrient bioavailability
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The summer of 2016 has arrived rather abruptly and with full fury, finding many poultry farmers as well as chicken totally unprepared to face the onslaught. During my conversation with people, I noticed that many are not aware of how exactly summer heat damages and kills birds. I also come across well meant summer management measures that are often either inadequate or counter- productive. People do not know why, for example, most birds die from heat stress mostly...
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Dr. Lance Baumgard, Professor at Iowa State University, speaks about a global problem: heat stress and its impact on economy, production and food security. He also mentions some dietary and management strategies to mitigate this problem and reduce the negative effects of heat stress which is becoming worse in the future due to climate change....
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