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Heat stress in dairy cattle
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Introduction The seasonal effects of heat stress have tremendous impact on dairying in India. Adjustments in nutrition and feeding management can alleviate some of the negative effect on health and performance, but compared with environmental modification, manipulation of the cow’s diet specifically for heat stress, has little effect on productivity. Normal physiological processes require that the...
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Introduction
Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts all aspects of dairy cattle production. Decreased milk production and reproduction losses during the summer substantially impact the economic potential of dairy farms. Factors such as global warming, population growth in more temperate climates and an increase in the number of food-producing animals in hotter climates further increase the susceptibility of the...
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Cooling cows has become a common practice in many dairy sectors in the world, especially in warm regions. Usually we evaluate the benefits of cooling cows according to its effect on productive and reproductive traits and the increase in farm’s economical profit. Recently other factors have grown in importance, among them the impact of heat stress and cows cooling on animal welfare and the environment. In the future dairy...
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Rumen acidosis results from an excessive acid load in the rumen not neutralized by salivary or feed buffers. Changes in physiology, metabolism, and behavior of heat-stressed cows increase their susceptibility to both sub-acute (SARA) and acute acidosis. Mishra et al. (1970) observed lower rumen pH when cows were fed 65% forage diets under warm, humid conditions (pH 6.1; 84.9F; 85% RH) compared to cooler, drier conditions (pH 6.4; 64.9F; 50 % RH). When forage in...
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Introduction Thermostasis is the process by which cows attempt to keep their body temperature constant in spite of changes in environmental temperatures. Heat stress occurs when the cow is incapable of dissipating enough heat to maintain its core body temperature below 101.3°F. This increase in body temperature results from the combination of heat from the environment and that produced internally during rumen...
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Dairy farms can pay a heavy toll to thermal stress, even under moderate climate. The cow comfort zone is between 5-20°C and it is now admitted that even moderate heat stress can affect dairy production and cows health status.
Heat stress, as other stress factors for livestock, also affects the rumen balance and function , translated into a loss of digestion efficiency and increased acidosis risks.
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A lot of information has been published in last three decades on the negative effect of summer heat stress on the productive and reproductive traits of the high yielding cow. Very limited information existed, however, up until the last few years, on the effect of heat stress on the feed efficiency of cows (as estimated by the feed to milk ratio). A special NRC publication (1), showed that maintenance energy requirements of milking cows...
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INTRODUCTION
In tropical and sub-tropical pasture-based dairy systems, a combination of high air temperatures and high humidity from late spring to early autumn leads to heat stress in lactating cows. Livestock in warm climates have to depend largely upon forage to fulfill their mineral requirements. Forages rarely satisfy all of the needed mineral requirements of grazing livestock. It has been reported that...
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Distinguished Professor & L.E. "Red" Larson Professor of the University of Florida, Peter Hansen, was invited to the X International Symposium of Animal Reproduction to speak about Genetic, nutritional and pharmacological approaches to improve fertility during heat stress....
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Our farm is located in an area where during monsoon humidity increases considerably even up to 90% the temperature is 27 to 28 degrees celcius. The temperature humidity index (THI) is then always above 75. The milk yield drops 2 to 3 litres. Will someone help how to control the humidity in order to bring the THI down? ...
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How make a good formulated ration in heat-stress for dairy cattle. And the basics of nutrient requriment during heat stress....
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High temperatures and humidity put stress on dairy cows. Dairy cows suffer from heat stress at lower temperatures than humans. If a dairy producer is starting to feel the heat and humidity, then the milking cow is already under stress. According to the Temperature Humidity Index for Dairy Cows (see table below), if the temperature is 95°F and the humidity is 75% humidity the cow is under “severe” stress. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) for Dairy Cows* ...
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Cow comfort is becoming an often heard phrase in today's industry trade papers. It's a means to describe relationship between the well being of the cow and the housing systems. Cow comfort improvement focuses mainly on developments in stall design to reduce diseases such as mastitis and lameness and boost milk production. However cow comfort issues can apply to other aspects of the housing system.
Lying Behavior
Cattle...
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Using equipment not all that different from what a runner might take on a jog, veterinary researchers at Kansas State University are working to make life more comfortable for cattle.
A jogger's heart rate monitor and an instrument similar to a pedometer are a few of the tools K-State researchers are using to measure discomfort in cattle undergoing two routine procedures, castration and dehorning.
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When I think of the word "comfort" I think of a quiet, relaxing environment where I can be productive without a lot of stress, where I can have what I need to eat and drink, where I can rest comfortably and sleep soundly, where I am not threatened in any way, where I can be healthy and not exposed to a lot of disease-causing organisms, and so on (or I could think of sitting on a comfortable chair, under a shade tree, on a beautiful tropical sandy beach with a waiter bringing me a fruit...
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Have you observed your cows' legs and feet lately? Watched them walking? What about their eyes? Have you taken a close look at their production and health records? Cows are talking... showing us in many ways if they are comfortable in the environment and management we provide. Cows can give us signs, by how they look, perform and behave, on whether or not they are at ease. We all agree they deserve to be comfortable. It is our 'contract' with them. Give us milk and we give you a good...
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"If your cows are dry, they should be turned out and given water." I heard that statement as a joke many years ago when I was just a kid on the home dairy farm. No doubt, cows need water during their dry period. It's one of their basic requirements. It's part of what is needed to keep them comfortable. Dry cows need 20-30 gallons of water per day. The water needs to be fresh, clean and free of contaminants. But, keeping dry cows comfortable involves much more than making sure they...
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Cows that are comfortable make more milk and stay in your herd longer than those that struggle to survive the system. Take some time to score your herd's comfort level in the following five areas at different times of the year. If you can improve low-scoring areas, you could have higher milk production and healthier cows.
1. Time Budgets
How hectic is a day in the life of your typical cow? Hopefully, it's routine,...
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Cold weather is coming. Are you prepared to provide exceptional comfort to your calves and replacement heifers this winter? Healthy calves and heifers grow more quickly and are able to join the milking herd at a younger age. Delaying first lactation by two or more months is an unnecessary expense that top notch dairy producers avoid. Calf and replacement heifer comfort depends on the physical environment you provide. Young calves can thrive at cold temperatures if they have plenty of...
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Managing transition cows is a significant problem on dairy farms. The issues include nutritional considerations, stocking rates, metabolic disorders, heat stress, and access to feed and water. Often management of transition cows is limited to nutritional considerations. Facilities, grouping strategies, stocking rates, heat stress, and access to feed and water also have a dramatic impact on milk production, herd health, culling rates, and reproductive efficiency. Often nutritional benefits can...
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