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Heat stress in dairy cattle
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An increase in the velocity of air, at a temperature lower than the surface temperature of the animal, has the potential to increase the sensible heat loss of the animal. An augmentation in air velocity will shift the upper critical temperature upwards. An effective ventilation system to reduce heat stress should emphasize the production of high air speed as much as the commonly accepted goal of reducing ambient temperature. Increasing the air velocity lowers the effective temperature...
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Dr. Flamenbaum is a world-renowned agriculturist, bringing over four decades of expertise to the field of dairy cattle – specializing in strategic planning of dairy projects in warm climates, with emphasis on the relief of heat stress. ...
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NiaShure™ is rumen-protected niacin that helps lower internal body temperature; protecting milk production and reproductive performance during the hot summer months. ...
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In a previous article published some years ago here, dealing with cooling project that I accompanied in northern Mexico, I described the results from the first and second years of its implementation. The data were presented in a limited way, for a series of dairy farms belonging to the "Alpura" dairy cooperative, located in the warm regions of northern Mexico and characterized by long summer months, with extreme heat load conditions for dairy cows. These farms are mainly large and...
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In a previous article that I recently published, I dealt with the importance of drinking water and water for cooling the cows, when dealing with the summer heat. In this article, I would like to deal with another factor that I see as very important in the above-mentioned confrontation, and it is shade, or in other words, preventing the exposure of cows to direct and indirect solar radiation in the summer. Why is it important to protect cows from solar radiation in the summer? To...
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Introduction Milk production losses in summer months are generally related to the negative impact of heat stress on cows in lactation and late gestation stages. In the last 4 decades, several studies have been carried out in different parts of the world to mitigate heat through the implementation of cooling systems. In recently published articles, the different benefits achieved by properly implementing these means were presented. Among these benefits can be seen those related...
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The impact of heat stress on dairy cattle can be devastating to milk and component production. In this webinar, Dr. Baumgard explores the metabolic and endocrine consequences of heat stress in both growing and lactating animals....
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Heat stress can have a huge impact on all cows; reducing dry matter intake, suppressing immune responses and decreasing reproductive performance. Dr. Geoff Dahl takes a closer look at how heat stress affects late gestation cows and the additional toll heat stress takes on the resulting calf. ...
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NiaShure is rumen-protected to shield the niacin from microbial degradation in the rumen while allowing release further down the digestive tract. Research shows that as much as 95% of raw niacin is broken down in the rumen. Balchem’s proprietary encapsulation process ensures that NiaShure reliably delivers significantly more niacin to the intestinal tract than raw niacin. ...
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The dairy industry is important for economic and food security in most countries of the world. Millions of producers around the world raise about 280 million dairy cows and produce close to a billion tons of milk a year. Global economic expansion in the last fifty years is reflected in lifestyle changes in many countries, which are also reflected in the increase in demand for milk and its products, and this is especially true for “emerging countries”. Global milk consumption is...
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The key to managing your herd through heat stress is being ready for it. Watching the weather forecast to understand the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is the first step in managing heat stress. The color-coded chart and tips list can help you keep your cows comfortable during summer heat. It’s important to provide fresh, cool water (70-86 degrees F.) during times of heat stress so cows can drink enough to hydrate and cool their bodies. Ruminants can drink more than double the...
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The summer of 2020 will be remembered as one of the hottest summers in Israel in decades. The summer heated many agricultural sectors, including the dairy industry. Beyond high heat load conditions throughout the summer, two unusual heat waves stood out in particular. The first heat wave was in May and the second in early September, as can be seen in fig 1. Fig. 1 – average daily milk production (kg) per cow in Israel in 2020. (blue line 2019, red...
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Zeelim dairy farm is located in the south of Israel and characterized by desert conditions and low rainfall in winter (100-150 mm/year) November–March. In the last years, recycled water from the big Tel Aviv metropolitan area reached the region by pipelines where fields are cultivated by crops and orchards. This changed dramatically Zeelim climate to much more humid nights and increased general THI. In recent summers, cows experienced heat stress conditions 24/7 for almost 5...
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The climate issue has been in the headlines lately. This article was written in the week that begins in Glasgow, Scotland, the Climate Conference, with the participation of many world leaders announcing the intention to completely eliminate greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), by 2050. The global dairy industry is in this context and it is also in the headlines, and people point the finger of blame at the meat and milk industry, in that the emission of...
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Heat stress is considered an influential factor in the profitability of dairy farms, especially in the hot regions of the world. In the first part of my article, previous to this, I described how heat stress impairs cow's performance and farm profitability. In the current article, I plan to show, based on the literature, my own experience and calculations, how proper cooling can reduce the negative effect of heat stress and contribute to increasing farm profitability.
In a survey...
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Heat stress will cost the global dairy sector an estimated $5 billion a year in 2050 (Wankar et al., 2021).To reduce the costs for both the farmer and animal, a more integrated approach regarding production, health and welfare is needed. The key lies in prediction...
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Summer heat stress has been considered in these days as one of the greatest causes for losses in the world dairy sector. Italian Breeders Association (A.I.A.), adopted the Summer to Winter ratio (S:W) index, a heat stress assessment tool based on the ratio between summer (July – September) and winter (January – March) farm performances. S:W ratio has been developed in Israel and adopted recently in Italy and other countries, as a tool for detecting performance pitfalls in summer...
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Adult lactating cows receive more attention when it comes to the negative effects of heat stress, as compared to heifers. This is because lactating cows need to dissipate more heat, running out of milk production and feed consumption and digestion to support it. The losses, caused by exposing adult cows to heat stress conditions include drop in milk production and composition, fertility, health and cow's performance in the subsequent lactation, when exposed to heat stress conditions in...
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Heat stress affects dairy cow production and performance. To dial down heat stress, mechanical cooling remains a mainstay. Nutrition is of increasing importance. Research results show how methionine mitigates heat stress. ...
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Summer heat stress negatively affects the dairy sector in Italy by harming animal welfare, increase environment pollution and reduce farms profitability. The decrease in farm profitability is caused by the decrease in cows annual milk production (feed and other expenses per liter of milk are increased when daily production is lower), reduction in milk quality (lower fat and protein content and increase in SCC), direct decrease in feed efficiency (when part of the feed energy consumed...
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