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Poultry genetics and reproduction
Poultry breeding has been one of the most impactful advances in the last 100 years. The role that improved global production of eggs and poultry meat have in reducing global hunger and food insecurity is difficult to overstate. The vast majority of these improvements have come from genetic selection for improved feed efficiency, along with streamlining of the overall production system, and better understanding of poultry nutrition. While the industrial approach to poultry production has created a highly consistent and dependable food source the world over, several problems threaten the long term sustainability of this model - including musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders, welfare concerns, and the need to adapt to a changing climate. Researchers in poultry breeding and genetics utilize quantitative, population, and molecular genetic techniques to help understand the effects of selection for economically important traits and enhance genetic performance through changes in environment and management strategies.
Background The chicken is an important animal for several reasons. In addition to being a major source of protein in the world, it is valuable to the understanding of genome evolution because of its relationship to mammals. The chicken genome sequence assembly was completed in 2004 with a six-fold whole genome shotgun (Sanger) coverage. It was the first avian genome to be sequenced [1] and, therefore, holds a place in...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by molds under favorable conditions, and they cause losses for farmers, reduce the value of contaminated feed and affect both animal health and productivity. The major problem associated with animal feed contaminated with mycotoxins is not acute disease episodes, but rather the ingestion of a low level of toxins which may cause an array of metabolic, physiologic, and immunologic disturbances [1]. Among...
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I am rasing pigeon breeder, housing 800 highly pedigreed birds for rasing and breeding stock. I would like to know if it is at all possible to feature science relating to our industry . Mark ...
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Evaluating fertility in commercial broiler breeder flocks has traditional been targeted at the male. This is supported by the fact that the majority of breeder fertility problems are the results of infrequent mating. There are incidences of fertility problems being the result of physiological problems during rearing and development, however most are a results of infrequent mating. Studies were conducted to evaluate behavioral characteristics associated with...
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Disease control in poultry production is based on several factors of which some are in the hands of the poultry producers, farmer and responsible veterinarian, like disease monitoring, diagnosis as well as disease prevention by implementing bio-security and optimal protection by vaccination. Eradication of certain pathogens, especially those being vertically transmitted, is essential for breeding companies to ensure delivery of healthy day-old chicks to...
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Disease control in poultry production is based on several factors of which some are in the hands of the poultry producers, farmer and responsible veterinarian, like disease monitoring, diagnosis as well as disease prevention by implementing bio-security and optimal protection by vaccination.
Eradication of certain pathogens, especially those being vertically transmitted, is...
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Introduction Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an enveloped virus with a double stranded DNA genome and belongs to the family Herpesviridae and subfamily alphaherpersvirinae [1,2]. The ILTV causes infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in chickens, pheasants and peafowls worldwide [3,4], transmitted through nasal and ocular routes and results in mild to severe respiratory manifestations. The severe form of ILTV...
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Citation: Fulton JE, Arango J, Ali RA, Bohorquez EB, Lund AR, et al. (2014) Genetic Variation within the Mx Gene of Commercially Selected Chicken Lines Reveals Multiple Haplotypes, Recombination and a Protein under Selection Pressure. PLoS ONE 9(9): e108054. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108054 Editor: Ana Paula Arez, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Portugal Received: April 22, 2014;...
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William M. Muir, Professor of Animal Sciences at Purdue University, speaks about new selection methods for layer performance and potential impacts on behavior and management. ...
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Shlomo Jahav, Professor and Head of the Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Institute of Animal Science, ARO The Volcani Center, speaks about the great challenges the poultry production faces like how to increase production performance and quality and how to improve thermotolerance. ...
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1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 2Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China, 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,...
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INTRODUCTION: Many studies of the effect of inbreeding and/or outbreeding in plant and animal population to know whether it will be better to develop lines or hybrids. It is necessary to know the mean and variance of all varieties of a give type which can be derived from the breeding population. Crossing is an effective tool for genetic improvement of quantitative characters in the fowl, and it may be useful in...
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Does the weight of birds affect the egg size ...
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Dear Friends, May I invite to pour your opinions, views, suggestions and expectations from esteemed veterinarian on learning and teaching animal reproduction?
Dr. Panchal Veterinary College, Anand,Gujarat, India ...
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Nutrigenomics 101: An Introduction
Microarray technologies have spurred the development of the field of nutrigenomics. Using microarrays to evaluate the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously, offering a rapid measure of nutrient-induced, physiologic changes. Traditional animal trials involve feeding a specific diet and measuring whole-animal changes such as growth rate, production or performance....
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