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Swine nutrition
Pigs require a number of essential nutrients to meet their needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, and other functions. However, factors such as genetic variation, environment, availability of nutrients in feedstuffs, disease levels, and other stressors may increase the needed level of some nutrients for optimal performance and reproduction.
Swine require six general classes of nutrients: water, carbohydrates, fats, protein (amino acids), minerals, and vitamins. Energy, although not a specific nutrient, is an important nutritional component and is primarily derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. In addition, amino acids (from protein) that exceed the animal’s requirements for maintenance and tissue protein synthesis provide energy when their carbon skeletons are oxidized. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, microbial supplements (prebiotics and probiotics), enzymes, and other feed additives are often added to swine diets to increase the rate and efficiency of gain, to improve digestibility, and for other purposes, but they are not considered nutrients.
Pigs require a more concentrated diet and should be fed a less-fibrous feed than cattle, sheep, or horses. As they grow, their nutritional requirements change and the diet should meet their needs in various phases of growth and stages of production.
Introduction Feed represents between 60 and 70 % of the total cost of pork production in modern capital-intensive systems. Within feed, energy alone may represent 50 % or more of the total cost [1]. Carbon-containing compounds in the feed, including fat, carbohydrate and protein, release energy when oxidized. Such energy is required for such processes as the biosynthesis of proteins, bones and lipids, for biochemical processes associated with maintenance, for active ion...
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Introduction Livestock production in confinement facilities results in gas emissions such as ammonia (NH 3 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). In pig production, NH 3 , CH 4 and N 2 O are products of manure decomposition while CO 2 is primarily a product of animal metabolism. Ammonium (NH 4 + ), under acidic or neutral pH conditions or NH 3 at...
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Introduction Spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is a dehydrated product obtained from blood of healthy pigs collected at slaughterhouses. Spray dried porcine plasma is a protein source used in pig feed that has many functional components that significantly improves pig performance [1,2]. At a manufacturing plant, plasma is separated from red blood cells by centrifugation,...
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The weaning process is a stressful one for piglets. A new environment, penmates and feed source can all impact their feed intake and growth potential. Meeting their essential nutritional needs during this transition is critical to minimizing stress and maximizing feed efficiency, overall health and performance. Certain nutritional elements, although needed only in small amounts, are important for maintaining young animal health. Copper is one of those elements and is...
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ReportsWeb.com added “Global Methionine Market Research Report 2017” to its vast collection of research Database. The report is spread across 107 pages and supported by 8 company leaders.
The Global Methionine Market Research Report 2017 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Methionine Market. This report studies Methionine in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, focuses on top manufacturers in...
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INTRODUCTION The swine industry has largely gone to early weaning (3 weeks or earlier) especially in confinement production systems with environmentally controlled nurseries. Economic factors such as increasing the number of pig per sow per year and the need to maximize the capital cost of swine farrowing units by moving more sow through the facilities has resulted in this change. Two essential factors for early weaning are: ...
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Jacob Dall, Technical and R&D Manager at Vilofoss, talks to us about the company's developments in finding solutions for the pig industry during Eurotier 2016, in Hannover, Germany....
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Introduction: The limited ability to induce classical vitamin D deficiencies, and challenges to identify traits which adequately assess vitamin D requirements, such as measurements of body tissue and serum concentrations, complicate recommendations for dietary fortification and lead to speculative hype (Crenshaw et al, 2014). These constraints and limited research efforts are especially noted for recommendations in sow gestation and lactation...
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Background Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) as an ingredient in diets for nursery pigs is well recognized to improve growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, and to reduce post-weaning diarrhea, mortality, and morbidity [1,2]. In addition, weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with SDPP had reduced intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier dysfunction, and diarrhea [3]. ...
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Dr Tobias Steiner, Head of Product Management Sangrovit® for Phytobiotics, talks to us about the company and their key product, Sangrovit®, during Eurotier 2016, in Hannover, Germany. ...
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Dr. Ruurd Zijlstra (University of Alberta) explains how to control gut health in pigs, fermentation and energy efficiency, during CLANA 2016 in Cancun, Mexico....
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1. INTRODUCTION Much has been said and written about feed intake in the pig. It is therefore surprising that it remains a topic of much interest to pork producers, as we appear to be continually challenged to reach a maximum, or at least an optimum, level of feed intake on a consistent basis. However, the focus on feed intake is not surprising in that it is the ultimate driver of growth. It would be difficult to...
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Introduction The large and diverse microbial population contained in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in health and nutrient digestion 1–3 . The distal gut harbors the majority of human gut microorganisms, with approximately 1012 microbes per milliliter of luminal contents, and there are at least 500–1,000 species reside in the...
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Introduction: Dietary potassium diformate (KDF) has been widely applied in pig production for almost 20 years and has been reported in numerous publications and conference contributions, for its use in sows, piglets and fatteners. It was the first organic acid salt to be approved as a non-antibiotic growth promoter in pig feed in the European Union, where it has been shown to improve growth performance and feed efficiency in pig production in several...
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Published by CABI, this practical research text provides an invaluable resource for all animal and veterinary scientists designing, analysing and interpreting results from nutrition and feed experiments in pigs and poultry.
Doctors Michael...
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Introduction Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a pleomorphic, enveloped RNA virus, classified as a coronavirus under the family Coronaviridae [1]. The virus was first identified during an outbreak of diarrhea on a Belgian swine breeding farm in 1978 [2]. Upon infection with PEDV, suckling pigs experience diarrhea, vomiting, and high mortality [3]. Since the initial identification of PEDV, it has been...
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On June 8, 2016 at an exclusive event in their tent at World Pork Expo, Novus International, Inc. launched Project Horizon, their commitment to helping producers navigate through the transition to antibiotic-free production.
Jared Hux and Bob Buresh share more details about this exciting project....
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“Swine Antibiotic Use” By: Paul Walker Thompson Date: 5/27/2016 Though it has been proven that most Human Antibiotic Resistance is due to Human Doctors, not Swine Production; Swine Antibiotic use will decline in the U.S. This is due to our government’s ruling banning Growth Promotants in Swine Feed, and the new requirements on methods of use for Preventative and Curative Antibiotics. The good news is that there are many Alternatives To Antibiotics, such as Minerals (Zinc...
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“Variation In Market Hog Weights”
By: Paul Walker Thompson
Date: June 10, 2016
Upon reading an article on Efficiency in Hog Production, it dawned on me that getting most of your Market Hogs in a Group to be Uniform in weight is not very probable in the near future. I believe that until we get the Genetics that produce Uniform Piglet Birth Weights, we will never have the luxury of Uniform Market Hog Groups. We will never have Uniform Piglet Birthweights until we can control the sow’s...
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