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Swine nutrition
Pigs require a number of essential nutrients to meet their needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, and other functions. However, factors such as genetic variation, environment, availability of nutrients in feedstuffs, disease levels, and other stressors may increase the needed level of some nutrients for optimal performance and reproduction.
Swine require six general classes of nutrients: water, carbohydrates, fats, protein (amino acids), minerals, and vitamins. Energy, although not a specific nutrient, is an important nutritional component and is primarily derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. In addition, amino acids (from protein) that exceed the animal’s requirements for maintenance and tissue protein synthesis provide energy when their carbon skeletons are oxidized. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, microbial supplements (prebiotics and probiotics), enzymes, and other feed additives are often added to swine diets to increase the rate and efficiency of gain, to improve digestibility, and for other purposes, but they are not considered nutrients.
Pigs require a more concentrated diet and should be fed a less-fibrous feed than cattle, sheep, or horses. As they grow, their nutritional requirements change and the diet should meet their needs in various phases of growth and stages of production.
Introduction Feed manufacturing equipment has been shown to be a potential source of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross contamination. Wet decontamination has been found to be the most effective method for decontaminating the surface of feed mill equipment. However, this is not practical in most current commercial feed production settings. Methods to mitigate the risk of PEDV transmission in feed and feed ingredients have been investigated, including chemical...
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Introduction Growth promotional feed additives continue to be an area of emphasis for evaluation, especially in nursery pig diets. One of the classes of feed additives that has gained significant interest is probiotics. Probiotics can be defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/ WHO, 2001). 6 Mechanistically, the modes of action of probiotics are likely to include competitive exclusion of...
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Yellow grease is the result of recycling used oil from fast food restaurants and then waste animal fat from slaughterhouses for poultry, swine and cattle is added. Theoretically, yellow grease is filtered and stabilized with antioxidant, then stored for export. Some exporters have the nutritional profile. In fact, yellow grease may be contaminated with toxic waste such as water contaminated with bacteria, residual oil used in motor vehicles (as...
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1. Introduction Diet induces a change in the microbial ecology and fermentation end products in the gut, which in turn, influences the nutritional, physiological, and immunological functions of pigs (Brestoff and Artis, 2013; Jha et al., 2019). Cereal grains and different agro-industrial coproducts represent major portions of the pig diet which contains a considerable amount of fermentable carbohydrates like resistant starch (RS) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) such as AX...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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INTRODUCTION Research to determine the nutritional needs of most micronutrients for pigs was done mainly before the decade of 1990 and focused on avoiding nutritional deficiencies (Gaudré and Quiniou, 2009). Nutritional reference tables represent the theoretical basis for pig feed formulations indicating minimum requirement levels of supplementation (NRC, 2012) or values for best cost to benefit in feed formulations (Rostagno et al., 2017). However, considering...
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1. Introduction
The increased awareness of potential negative effects of including antibiotic growth promoters in diets fed to pigs has resulted in an increased interest in producing pigs without using antibiotic growth promoters. However, by eliminating antibiotic growth promoters from diets fed to newly weaned pigs, disease problems may be increased and growth performance may be reduced. In contrast, removal of antibiotic growth promoters from diets fed to...
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1. Introduction A common challenge for most livestock industries is to identify more productive, efficient and sustainable pasture-based production systems that have a positive impact on animal welfare, biodiversity and long-term operation profitability without negatively affecting soil health. The way that the available resources (land, forage species, animals, infrastructure and climate) are organized and used to achieve the goals of the operation is key for sustainable animal...
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1. Introduction The sustainability of pasture-based animal production systems has social, environmental and economic implications. Grasslands provide low cost feed for livestock, mainly ruminants, becoming the basis for production and livelihoods in many rural areas of the world [1]. Sustainable grazing systems are grounded on the principles of improving the cycle of nutrients of grassland ecosystems, enhancing the vegetation, increasing the biodiversity and improving the...
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It is well known that heat stress or disease stress during gestation and lactation reduces sow herd productivity and profitability. Lactating sows need a high feed intake to maintain their body condition and to support milk...
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Reuters - China’s strong return to the U.S. soybean market in recent months has single-handedly lifted U.S. farm exports to the Asian country to new records, and the heavy forward shipping schedule bodes well for the promises outlined in the Phase 1 trade agreement between the two countries.
That agreement suggests China in 2020 will buy and import at least $36.5 billion worth of American agricultural products, an all-time high. Progress was relatively dismal through mid-year,...
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Hector Torrealba, Technical Manager Latam at AVT Natural, highlighted the importance of Botanicals (OleoBoost ™) as a fundamental piece of the puzzle for the effective replacement of AGPs in animal production, during the event Seed to Feed, in Mexico...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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Introduction With intensive genetic selection for the prolificacy of sows, the swine industry is challenged with improving the piglet survival rate in connection with the increased litter size and decreased litter uniformity (Kim and Hansen, 2013). It is well known that maternal nutrition can have an influence on not only the development of fetal organ and tissue but also milk yield (Kim et al., 1999; McPherson et al., 2004; Farmer, 2018). Deficiency of maternal nutrients would...
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Introduction Oligosaccharides are a group of carbohydrate polymers containing 3 to 10 simple sugars that can be fed to pigs as prebiotics. Mannan- (Davis et al., 2002;3 Rozeboom et al., 20054 ), chito- (Liu et al., 20085 ), and fructo-oligosaccharides (Gebbink et al., 19996 ), have been shown to improve growth performance in young pigs. Possible mechanisms by which oligosaccharides benefit growth performance have been proposed and center on improving health status of the pig....
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AIRDRIE, Alberta — Bringing together enhanced resources to support swine producers across Canada and into the U.S. is the focus of a new partnership between two innovation-focused nutrition companies. Nutrition Athena Inc, which is a division of Groupe Cérès Inc., and Nutrition Partners Inc. have announced they have united under a new integrated ownership model. The enhanced structure is designed to optimize value and services...
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Introduction In the pork industry, the trend towards producing lean carcasses is still occurring, concurrently with a demand from certain specific markets for pork products with high intramuscular fat (IMF) in an attempt to ensure palatability. A positive effect of IMF content on the eating quality of pork has been reported by a number of authors (Castell, 1994; Fernandes et al., 1999; Brewer et al., 2001)....
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Swine have a well-developed sense of taste and smell, and they are very picky about what they eat! Listen to Luiz Souza, Technical Manager in Asia Pacific talking about how to improve and sustain feed intake at critical points during swine production. ...
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The Allen D. Leman Swine Conference is an annual educational event for the global swine industry. It is internationally acclaimed for bringing science-driven solutions to the complex challenges facing the industry. Each year hundreds of participants from over 20 countries, including swine veterinarians and other professionals working in swine...
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Introduction Soybean meal is one of the most readily available and economical protein sources commonly fed to pigs. Due to a number of anti-nutritional factors, its inclusion in newly weaned pig diets has been limited. Thus, specialty animal proteins, such as animal plasma, blood cells, or fish meal have been commonly added as highly digestible amino acid sources in starter diets. In recent years, the cost and variability of specialty animal proteins has increased while...
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