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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
Main text Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was first described in 1998 [1], and since then, it has become one of the most important pig pathogens, contributing to considerable economic losses by a syndrome called porcine circovirus disease (PCVD). The virus has demonstrated the highest evolution rate among similar DNA viruses, resulting in genetic shifts even over the rather short period of time since its recognition [2]. Today six genotypes of PCV2 are known, PCV2a-f [3]. PCV2d...
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Authors should pay attention to the results that will be released soon
Recognized worldwide as one of the main showcases for swine research, the IPVS2022, which takes place from June 21st to 24th, at the RioCentro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), informs the scientific community about the final phase of the abstracts’ evaluation to be presented at the event.
To follow the conclusion of the reviewers, authors should pay attention. "Soon we will...
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Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs
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How does the ban change the way we look at feed formulation? Zinc oxide (ZnO) has often covered up mistakes within our piglet feed formulations. When we remove ZnO, excesses or imbalances in our formulation become visually obvious in the form of higher incidences of diarrhoea, variability within a batch, secondary diseases, higher feed costs, higher cost of production, higher mortality and more. The ZnO ban forces us to reflect on some of the often-overlooked aspects of our...
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Introduction: Healthy pigs carrying Streptococcus (S.) suis on their tonsils are known to be a source of S. suis transmission in pig herds. S. suis can cause severe clinical disease, especially if co-infection with other pathogens occur. As a precautionary measure in experimental infection trials with other pathogens, pigs are treated with antibiotics to eliminate as much as potentially pathogenic bacteria as possible. The effect of cefquinome...
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Introduction: This abstract describes usage of antimicrobials in Finnish swine herds in 2014. Materials and Methods: In 2014 Finnish swine health program (Sikava) collected information from its system from 1282 pig herds. This data consists of 250 519 recordings from 1204 farms. Results: The most commonly administered antimicrobial was procaine benzylpenicillin. It´s active ingredient, benzylpenicillin, was used 1199 kg. The...
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Introduction: Increasing antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems concerning both veterinary medicine and human health. There are but few reports on antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens from pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of porcine isolates of C. perfringens to antimicrobial agents commonly used in swine diseases therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 159 C. perfringens...
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Introduction: Brachyspira pilosicoli is the etiologic agent of porcine colonic spirochetosis, a diarrheal disease in growing pigs. Colitis associated with Brachyspira pilosicoli is less severe than swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , however, antimicrobial therapy is needed on some farms to treat diarrhea in weaners and in young finishing pigs. According to principles of prudent use of antimicrobials, only effective drugs should be...
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Introduction: Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the primary etiologic agent of Swine Dysentery. The disease causes severe mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea, and thereby severe economic losses to swine production. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity, epidemiology and phylogeny among Brazilian isolates of B. hyodysenteriae obtained from outbreaks in 1990s and from 2011 to 2015. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Brazilian isolates of...
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Introduction: Outbreaks of bloody diarrhea in swine herds in the late 2000s signaled the re-emergence of swine dysentery in the U.S. Diagnostic investigations confirmed the emergence of a novel pathogen “ Brachyspira hampsonii ” with two distinct genetic groups circulating in U.S. swine. It has since been detected in swine and migratory birds in North America and Europe. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and implement a...
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Introduction: Brachyspira spp. are a group of enteric pathogens prevalent worldwide in most swine rearing geographies. To determine appropriate therapy for Brachyspira disease, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics are a common first step. Narasin is a recently FDA approved ionophore antibiotic to improve growth in swine in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the MIC of tiamulin and narasin using Brachyspira isolates from clinical...
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Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs
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Introduction: There are two registered vaccines available (Clostriporc A, Enteroporc A, IDT Biologika GmbH) to prevent suckling piglet diarrhea caused by Clostridium perfringens type A (CpA). These are based on the α- and β2-toxoids. The goal of this study was to evaluate the development of antibodies against the α- and β2-toxins after recurrent vaccination of gilts with ENTEROPORC A under laboratory conditions. Materials and...
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Introduction: The antibiotic resistance of field strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae has increased in the last years in Spain as well as in other countries due to the high use of antibiotics for the control of swine dysentery (SD). For this reason, antimicrobial susceptibility tests are becoming essential for an effective control of this disease. Our objective was to study the antibiotic susceptibility of Spanish field strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in...
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Introduction: Mesocolon edema syndrome is recognized as a common cause of diarrhea in pigs less than 2 weeks of age, and has been associated with neonatal colonization by Clostridium difficile , C. perfringens , or often as a combined infection. In the United States, C. perfringens type A is increasing in prevalence, but C. difficile colonization and subsequent enterotoxemia is still an important cause of the syndrome. In this study, we directly...
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Introduction: Infection with C. difficile may have subclinical signs and light manifestations of disease; its transmission is fecal-oral route, considered as the principal way of contamination. As bacterial infections have negative impact, on the roster, this study has relation with the ways of transmission of C. difficile in swine. This study was to evaluate the transmission of C. difficile via aerogen using PCR and histological section of...
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Introduction: Clostridium perfringens type A enteritis is a frequent disease of the newborn piglets with a major economic impact in the Czech Republic and important swine producing countries as well. Different antimicrobials may be used for treatment of piglets affected by clostridial enteritis. There are only a few reports on antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens from pigs. Overall, the most common resistance in C. perfringens is to...
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Introduction: Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora ) suis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in neonatal piglets and the disease is related to considerable economic losses. The metaphylactic treatment with toltrazuril 3 to 5 days after birth is a common control measure practiced in many countries. Another essential practice is the prevention of neonatal iron deficiency anaemia as piglets are born with small iron reserves (35 to 50 mg) and sow milk contains...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the economic benefit and improved yield of groups of gilts vaccinated with SUISENG®, on a farm with a high prevalence of neonatal diarrhoea caused by E.coli/Clostridium . Materials and Methods: 49 clinically healthy, PRRSV-positive and ADV-negative gilts were selected on a farm with 800 sows, and divided into 4 groups, 2 vaccinated (V1 n=13; V2 n=12) and 2 not vaccinated (NV1 n=12;...
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Solutions to optimize production costs and improve performance will be presented on the first day of the event
Session coordinator, Bruno Silva, and president of IPVS2022, Fernanda...
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Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs
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1. Introduction Classical swine fever (CSF), a list-A disease classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), is considered as a transboundary animal disease by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1]. The disease causes high morbidity and mortality in both feral and domestic pigs and can result in significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide [2]. Currently, it is present in many countries in Asia, the Caribbean islands,...
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Introduction - vaccines against parasites In modern swine medicine, vaccination against various pathogens is an integral part of the health management. However, currently not a single vaccine against parasites of swine is commercially available. Compared to viral and bacterial pathogens, there is a general scarcity for anti-parasite vaccines; only two anti-nematode vaccines, one antitick-vaccine and a handful of antiprotozoal vaccines are available for domestic animals....
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