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Swine gut health

Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning, environmental stressors, unhealthy diet, diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome. The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases. Therefore, the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity, robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations. Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system. The swine gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem harboring immensely diverse microbiota including bacteria, viruses, archaea, and fungi that ideally reside symbiotically in the gut of host animals. Among the microorganisms, the number of bacteria outnumbers other microorganisms. The microbiome robustness, the maintenance of diverse and functional microbiota in GIT is crucial for effective swine production. The microbiome robustness depends on the diversity of the microbiome, so it is not enough just to have the presence of a few different beneficial microbes. Accordingly, new strategies are required to manipulate the gut microbiome to prevent or revert unhealthy states caused by perturbations.
Josef Kamphues
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
Introduction: More than 80% of slaughter pigs in England show epithelial changes at the Pars nonglandularis (PN) of the gastric mucosa. In the interest of animal welfare and to avoid prospective cost deductions, alternative pig feeding strategies must be developed. In this study the effects of a 2-stage coarsely ground compound feed (COF) on performance and stomach health of piglets were tested as compared to a conventional 1-stage produced COF. Materials and...
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Josef Kamphues
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
Introduction: The castration of male piglets without anesthesia is under public pressure and is already forbidden in some countries. The fattening of boars is an alternative but due to the accumulation of androstenone (A) and skatole (S) in the fatty tissue, resulting in the so called boar taint, some carcasses may be condemned and therefore excluded from human consumption. Skatole is a product of the microbial tryptophan degradation in the hindgut, which can be lowered by feeding raw...
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Siska Croubels
Siska Croubels and 3 more
Ghent University
Ghent University
Introduction: Tail necrosis in neonatal piglets was reported in several conventional pig herds in Belgium. The primary cause remains unclear. Mycotoxins are frequently mentioned to be involved, although a causal relationship has not been established yet. This case-control study aimed to investigate the involvement of feed-mycotoxins on the prevalence of tail necrosis in neonatal piglets. Materials and Methods: Ten conventional pig herds with and ten...
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Introduction: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with estrogenic effects, swine being the most sensitive animals, particularly gilts which develop vulvovaginitis and enlargement of mammary glands and the reproductive tract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects in gilts that result after consuming 500 µg/kg of ZEA, and the ability of two commercial antimycotoxin agents to reduce the bioavailability of this toxin during a period of 35 days. The...
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Ursula Hofstetter
DSM-Firmenich
Introduction: Fumonisins (FUM) are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium fungi. They represent a serious threat to swine production as this livestock species is the most sensitive to FUM. They have multiple effects in swine; best described is the impact on pulmonary edema diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the negative impact of 50 ppm fumonisins on piglet health and to evaluate a mycotoxin counteracting additive (containing fumonisin...
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Nicole Hocke
Nicole Hocke and 4 more
Lallemand
Introduction: Liquid feed is the main feeding practice for finishing pigs in Northern Italy and is increasingly becoming a reference for sows and piglets (Lizardo, 2003). The objective of this field survey was to characterize the fermentative profile of different liquid feeds according to the main ingredients used in Northern Italy. Materials and Methods: In order to monitor the fermentation profile of different types of liquid feeds used in fattening pigs in...
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Prof. Markus Rodehutscord
University of Hohenheim
University of Hohenheim
Introduction: Saving the limited resources of phosphate rock and improving intestinal health of pigs represent major challenges of modern pig industry. Consequently, the present study addressed the impact of supplementing variable levels of calcium-phosphate (CaP) on the numbers of selected members of the intestinal microbiome in growing pigs. To investigate the impact of fermentable substrates on the microbiota, two protein sources potentially providing variable...
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Gerd Schatzmayr
DSM-Firmenich
Introduction: Mycotoxins are a group of structurally diverse secondary metabolites of fungi that can result in health problems in animals and severe economic losses. Pigs are naturally exposed to mycotoxins due to the high inclusion of cereals and by-products in their diets. Based on recent surveys, 70% of worldwide feed and feed raw materials are positive for at least one mycotoxin and 40% are found to be co-contaminated. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins is thus the norm and not the...
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Nicola Tallarico
Kemin Industries, Inc
Introduction: The use of alternatives to antibiotics, such as essential oils, organic acids and zinc oxide for the maintenance of swine health and performance, has been under debate. However, their efficacy varies due to many reasons and also to their availability in the intestine. Encapsulation methods have been applied to protect these compounds against gastric acidity and promote the gradual release to the distal parts of the intestine. The objective of the study was...
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David Val-Laillet
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Introduction Numerous reviews have been written to describe the specificities and advantages of the pig model in studies focusing on behavior, nutrition and neuroscience (Kornum and Knudsen, 2011, Roura et al., 2016, Val-Laillet, 2019). Besides the fact that the pig is an animal species of obvious interest in agriculture and human food production, it also has incomparable advantages when it comes to studying the consequences of the nutritional environments, diets or feed in...
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There are several components of grain and plants that can cause detrimental effects on animal production. These components are commonly known as antinutritional factors. According to their mode of action, anti-nutritional factors can be grouped as follows: Substances that limit or decrease the digestion or metabolism of proteins, ex. lectins and saponins. Substances that interfere or decrease the correct utilization of minerals, ex. phytic acid and oxalic...
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We have a small farm in Pa. USA and have had several instances in young pigs were the intestines have protruded from the rectum. What are the most likely causes and is there any thing that can be done to fix the problem once it happens short of slaughter? ...
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New component in the Gut Health Solutions portfolio from Evonik Animal Nutrition Phytogenics are important components of alternative solutions to antibiotic growth promoters Product from this partnership to be available in Europe in the first quarter of 2023 Essen, Germany. Evonik and Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition have entered into a partnership effective January 1, 2023. This agreement will enable Evonik's Animal Nutrition business line to expand its...
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Peter Surai
Scottish Agricultural College - SAC
Scottish Agricultural College - SAC
For many years reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in biological systems has been considered to be detrimental. However, a pleasant face of ROS has received recently tremendous attention. Indeed, it has been proven that ROS participate in cell signalling, transcription factors regulation and vitagene activation to maintain optimal cellular redox balance and to provide an effective stress adaptation [1]. In fact, redox biology is a very rapidly developing area of modern biological...
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Dr. Henri Salmon
French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)
French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)
Introduction The infection by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one on the most important causes of neonatal and postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets. ETEC causes significant morbidity and mortality, resulting in a large economic loses in the porcine industry. One of the most common ETEC in swine is serotype 0149 which carries the K88 (F4) adhesin that enables the attachment of the bacteria to the intestinal epithelium. ETEC colonizes ileum [1,2], penetrate the...
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