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Aflatoxins
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Introduction Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites from certain fungal lineages of the Aspergillus genus, mainly A. flavus and A. parasiticus . Aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 are natural contaminants of seeds and feed, mainly nuts, peanuts, cotton seeds, maize, and other oilseeds (Sweeney and Dobson, 1998; Stroka et al., 2000). Obtaining trustable results on mycotoxins analysis in feed is important for...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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Introduction Egyptian aquaculture has grown rapidly, with annual production reaching 705,000 tons in 2009 – up from 57,000 tons in 1994. Per capita consumption of fish in Egypt rose from8.5 kg to 15.4 kg/ capita/ year between 1996 and 2008. Population increase and rising consumer search for lower-cost alternatives to expensive meat and poultry are driving this demand. Fish are important protein source for human beings in many countries. Most countries...
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1. Introduction Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by some strains of Aspergillus species which are commonly found in cereals worldwide and bring significant threats to the food industry and animal production [1]. At least 14 different types of aflatoxins are produced in nature [2,3]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and...
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Introduction Foods and feeds generally have the potential of being invaded by fungi, particularly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus during pre-production or post- production, resulting to contamination due to proliferation. In the process, metabolic activities take place within the fungi, in and on the food produce or product. The biochemical actions results to production of secondary metabolites in the food...
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Introduction Aspergillosis is frequent, economically important, fungal disease of different avian and mammal species caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. The disease is characterized by inflammatory changes in the respiratory system and sometimes has generalized onset when more organ systems are affected. Clinical signs of aspergillosis depend upon which organ or system organ are involved and whether infection is...
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Introduction The Mediterranean basin is a large geographical region with a temperate climate comprising several countries that belong to the southern part of Europe and parts of Asia and Africa. It supports a diversified agricultural system comprised of a wealth of field and greenhouse crops. The Mediterranean countries are the main suppliers of many fresh products to Europe. The major products of this area include...
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INTRODUCTION Aflatoxins (AF), a group of closely related, extremely toxic chemicals, are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry foods (Edds and Bortell, 1983; Leeson et al., 1995). Aflatoxicosis is an important disease of livestock and poultry. AF may be produced in food and foodstuffs before harvest, between harvest and drying, in storage and after...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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Introduction Mycotoxins are a group of structurally diverse secondary fungal metabolites that occur as grain contaminants. They can cause serious problems in livestock resulting in substantial economic losses (Huwig et al. 2001). Two of the most common mycotoxins found in animal feed, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA), cause food- and feed-borne intoxications called mycotoxicoses (CAST 2003). Aflatoxin B1 is a...
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Introduction Intensive breeding farms enhance the simultaneous occurrence of several affections. Coccidiosis is a disease of greater economic importance and affections coexist with it should be considered. Among these affections, aflatoxicosis, which have been reported to be immunosuppressive (Bakshi et al., 2000) leading to an increase in the susceptibility of chickens to avian...
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Originally published in Research in Veterinary Science 2001, 71, 59-66 AFLATOXINS (AF), are secondary metabolites produced by certain fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry feed (Leeson et al 1995, Oguz 1997). The toxicity of AF in broiler chickens has been widely investigated by the determination of their carcinogenic,...
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Originally published in Research in Veterinary Science 2000, 69, 89–93. AFLATOXINS (AF), a group of closely related, extremely toxic chemicals, are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry foods. Aflatoxicosis is an important disease of livestock and poultry. The frequent AF contamination of agricultural...
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Keywords : aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A, E568, E567, zeolites organomodification MYCOTOXINS are secondary toxic metabolites of saprophytic moulds and they enter organisms of humans and animals through food and feed. The first data about detrimental effects of mouldy food in China dates back to 3000 years B.C. Yellow rice toxin disease was recorded in Japan at the end of the XIX century, when people consumed...
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Antioxidant system protects cells from damage caused by the action of reactive oxygen (ARO). Excessive formation of ARO in erythrocytes can lead to damage to their structure and violation of biochemical processes. Formation ARO increases under the influence of toxic substances. In extremely toxic compounds include aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Investigated the effects of AFB1 on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of TBA-active...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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I suffer from aflatoxins because I can´t buy gadgets to detect it, so I would like to know which detoxificant I should use on my feed. Thanks ...
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a Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; b Biosciences, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 001, South Africa; c Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; d Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria Mycotoxicology, 2014, 1: 1-8 ...
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INTRODUCTION Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nominus and a few other Aspergilli which produce aflatoxins (AFs) are closely related omnipresent microfungi that contaminate seeds and plant debris of many crops in the field during harvest, storage, and processing (Cvetnic & Pepeljnjak, 2007). Aflatoxins are a group of carcinogenic my cotoxins causing various acute and...
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Helica Biosystems, Inc is pleased to announce an innovative approach to testing aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in commodities which pose difficult problems in measurement by conventional "rapid"...
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Appreciate anyone that could contribute with a standard limit of Aflatoxin in Milk Powder valid for international trade. The EU adopt 0.05 u/kg, apparently different US Institution adopted 0.5 u/kg, hence further clarification is highly appreciated. Hernan Farias QA Manager in KSA ...
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Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by a variety of molds such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus . They are carcinogenic and can be present in grains, nuts, cottonseed and other commodities associated with human food or animal feeds. Crops may be contaminated by one or more of the four following sub-types of aflatoxin: B1, B2, G1 and G2. While the other sub-types of aflatoxin present a significant danger at high concentration levels, aflatoxin B1 is...
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