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Silage and forage
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Forages make up 45 to 95 percent of the feed that dairy animals receive on a farm. We usually think in terms of just the lactating cows. It is more difficult to think in terms of the whole herd in terms of the forage needs for the farm on an annual basis. Forages are the single-most important feed that we feed on the farm and the most variable in quality. It is critical to the profitable success of a farm that this part of the farm operation be carefully planned and optimized. We...
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Introduction Silage is commonly used in animal feeding of the countries with developed livestock industry since the silage has a high nutritive value and moisture content. It is also easy to store and preserve the silage, it has long-lasting life, it is easily digested due to fermentation, the high-quality feed can be preserved for long durations, it allows the rations with high dry matter and moisture content (Tukel and Hatipoglu, 1997), the protein supplied by silage is...
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Introduction Currently, the increasing demand for specific quality wheat by the milling sector and the food industry points out the necessity of obtaining wheat lots with high and homogeneous technological quality. Among the various wheat categories, the demand for the excel grade is increasing. Baking products of superior quality require standardized improver wheat flour characterized by high protein (GPC) and gluten contents, strength of dough (W) and dough stability...
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Introduction Previous studies in our laboratory have reported improvements in carcass characteristics in Korean native (Hanwoo) steers (Sung et al., 2015), meat fatty acid profile, and performance of Holstein steers (Song, et al., 2013; Ghassemi Nejad et al., 2016) receiving chromium methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation. In those studies, 400 ppb/d of Cr-Met supplementation was reported as the optimum level. On the other hand, Sung et al. (2015) reported...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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Introduction Switchgrass as a perennial, deep-rooted, warm-season grass tolerates a wide range of soil and climatic conditions and is widely acclaimed as a conservation plant for erosion control, pasture and hay land forage, wildlife habitat, and native prairie restoration (Lee et al., 2010; Alderson and Sharp, 1995). Switchgrass is a native species of North America’s tallgrass prairie and is widely considered as ideal raw material for a new generation of biofuels made...
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Background Chromium is known to be partially liable in blood cholesterol regulation. Chromium-Met chelate absorbs directly through the intestinal cell membrane in an intact form [1]. Therefore, availability of Cr-Met chelate remains high [2]. Chromium is an essential trace mineral that has a principal role in glucose, protein and fat metabolisms in animal tissues [3]. Chromium supplementation of diets has been demonstrated to improve performance and decrease stress conditions in...
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Introduction Sodium nitrite (SN) has been widely used in Europe as a component of silage additives that strongly inhibits clostridia. As SN is rapidly converted to nitric oxides and ammonia during the early fermentation phase, this compound is applied in combination with other chemicals, which prevent clostridia development during later stages of the fermentation process. Those substances can be hexamethylene tetramine (HMT), sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (Bader,...
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Relative feed value has been used for a number of years to indicate the overall feed value of forage. In recent years, there have been some changes considered to make this assessment more accurate in regards to predicting the feed value of forage. It is well accepted that there is a correlation between the acid detergent fiber (ADF) portion of forage and the energy value of the forage. One of the problems has been that different labs will use different methods of calculating the energy...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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Introduction From the moment the alfalfa is cut until it is delivered to the animal, biological and mechanical processes take place that decrease quantity and nutritional quality of alfalfa. Our goal is to conserve the digestible fiber, protein, and energy in the forage and to maintain protein in a form that can be effectively utilized by the ruminant. The approach is to harvest at the correct stage for the desired quality, to dry hay as fast...
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Introduction Dr. David Mertens (2012), USDA-DFRC, proposed that the five most important nutritional measurements for hay crops are: dry matter (DM), ash, amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), some measure of digestibility or energy value, and crude protein (CP). More and more, these parameters can be estimated on-farm, or at least one can receive a flag as to when a parameter has changed. ...
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In the beef cattle industry, there has been discussion in many shapes and forms concerning feeding and nutrition of purebred cattle. Often the perception by purebred breeders is that purebred cattle (PB) have somewhat different nutrient requirements than commercial (COM) cattle. This may be true in some respects but possibly not for the reasons producers suspect. This article will discuss some of these perceptions.
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Introduction Sustainability of dairy farm production systems can be measured by the intersection between profitability and environmental stewardship. It is clear that unprofitable farms are destined to go out of business. Similarly, although not as evident, farms that are not efficient in the use of input resources, having higher wastages, and consequently producing more emissions, are likely to be un-sustained in the...
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Introduction In temperate regions, grazing livestock production systems are primarily constrained, both biophysically and economically, by the amount, seasonality, and interannual variability of forage produced (Oesterheld et al., 1992; Oesterheld and Salas, 1994). In those systems, setting the stocking rate is a major managerial decision. The main goal of grazing management is to balance forage supply with livestock...
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Two types of plastic thickness
One sixty micron over the corn silage directly and the other layer of 120 micron over the first one...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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Introduction With the increased cost of grain and forages in the USA, dairy producers have turned their attention to the feed efficiency of milk production. Low on-farm starch digestibility contributes to reduced feed efficiency. Several researchers have demonstrated that measuring fecal starch (FS) is highly correlated to total tract starch digestibility in dairy cows. One factor affecting the digestibility of starch in...
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Introduction Silvopastoral systems have attracted the interest of farmers as an alternative to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as the benefits related to the quality of the forage and weight gain of the animals. However, the establishment of the silvopastoral systems depends on an efficient weed control until the trees have grown enough to be away from weed and grass competition. In...
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Originally published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology Introduction Silage consists in green forage preserved by spontaneous lactic fermentation under anaerobic conditions (Miller 2001). The primary purpose of making silage is to maximize the preservation of original nutrients in the forage crop with minimum losses in the nutritional quality that allows its use as fodder...
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Over the past few years, the dairy industry has made it a priority to feed higher forage diets with a correct balance of amino acids and an accurate ratio of lysine to methionine. With this strategy, there also has been more attention on the amount of undegradeable protein (RUP) being fed.
“We are feeding more high forage diets than we ever had in the past,” said Gene Goenner, territory product representative for Alltech Wisconsin. “With this feeding...
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