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Additives and feedstuffs in dairy cattle nutrition
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INTRODUCTION In calf rearing systems, an early and high intake of concentrate and roughage is encouraged to ensure a better development of the forestomach. In order to achieve this goal, high concentrate diets are fed with free availability of good quality forage after weaning the calves to achieve greater growth rates (Moran, 2002). The effects of age, weaning, and different diets, especially during pre-ruminant stage on metabolic changes and...
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Hi, Please give me some inputs on Hydroponic Green Fodder. 1. Is this a replacement of Green fodder? 2. Hydroponic can replace Concentrate in what proportion? As per the company (Fodder Solution) Feeding as follows.. 1. 10 kg of Fodder solution 2. 3.5 Kg of Concentrate 3. 7 Kg of Dry Please give us your valuable inputs. ...
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INTRODUCTION The interest in search for alternative/additional feed ingredients is of paramount importance in developing countries, mainly, because of the acute shortage of traditional feed materials. Introduction of saline agriculture production systems in salt affected regions has proved to be an effective way to save fresh water for human and animal consumption while the saline water could be used for animal feed...
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INTRODUCTION The available amount of green fodder through the summer season in Egypt is usually insufficient for animal feeding leading to increasing prices of diets. Therefore, attempts have been carried out to search for alternative non-conventional low price by-products, which could be used in animal feeding. Moreover, 21 million tons of agricultural crop residues are produced in Egypt annually (Deraz, 1996). However,...
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Introduction Genetic evolution of production animals and the increase of food demand have required high quality and digestibility products for animal feeds use. In Brazil, especially in Paraná State, soybean has been given prominence in relation to other cultures due to sale price rises and the knowledge and adoption of production techniques (GOLDFLUS, 2001). ...
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INTRODUCTION Goat is one of the most important livestock species in rural areas. In Sudan, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Tunisia researches showed that goats are reared for their meat, milk or both meat and milk ( Gaddour et al. , 2007; El-Hassan El-Abid et al. , 2008; Arain et al. , 2010 and Mousa, 2011 ). Sunflower is popular with small-scale...
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Redox status as a promising new way to explore live yeast metabolism in the rumen
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INTRODUCTION Sheep and goats are most productive when fed a balanced ration according to their nutrient needs. The needed nutrients should also be supplied at lowest possible cost. This can be done if producers use locally available feed ingredients and use purchased feeds only to fill the gap in nutrient supply from the locally available feeds. If the producer has more than one type of feed as a source of a nutrient...
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INTRODUCTION Ruminants have unique ability to utilize the fibrous material through anaerobic fermentation ( Kibria et al., 1991 ), therefore, sunflower seed meal (SFM) can be efficiently used as a sole source of supplemental protein for ruminants ( Lardy and Anderson, 2002 ). Cottonseed cakes (CSC) are being traditionally used as a feed for dairy animals....
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INTRODUCTION Goats are an important source of meat and milk ( Devendra and Burns, 1983 ). Recently, goats became an important aspect of animal production in Egypt. Increasing productivity of goats will contribute to improve the standard of living of the rural people. Ruminants have unique ability to utilize the fibrous material through anaerobic fermentation ( Kibria et...
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Corn grain usually makes up 30 to 35% of the total ration dry matter of a typical Midwestern lactating cow diet. Therefore, changes in corn price can have a significant impact on total feed costs. Since 2006 corn prices have doubled from nearly $3 to $6 in 2011. This price increase translates into the cost to feed a dairy cow by almost $1.00/cow/day. This is assuming an average corn crop but, in the event of a drought or any natural disaster, prices will drastically change...
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Drought conditions will force dairy producers to look for alternative crops to feed as forages. Oilseed crops, such as soybeans, may be harvested for forage when the decision is made that drought conditions have shrunk soybean yield below the economic threshold for harvest or when facing a forage shortage. Alternative forages-like soybean haylage or hay, can help stretch usual forage supplies, whose yields are likely compromised as well. One of the...
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Rumen microbiology
The rumen is the first stomach of cattle, sheep and goats. All digestion in this organ is carried out by a microbial population which consists of ciliate protozoa, anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic fungi. The bacteria are genetically very diverse, deriving from many different origins, whereas the protozoa are monophyletic, thought to have evolved from a symbiotic protozoan which established in the rumen...
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Redox status as a promising new way to explore live yeast metabolism in the rumen
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Introduction Genetic evolution of production animals and the increase of food demand have required high quality and digestibility products for animal feeds use. In Brazil, especially in Paraná State, soybean has been given prominence in relation to other cultures due to sale price rises and the knowledge and adoption of production techniques (GOLDFLUS, 2001). Glycine max (L.) Merril soybean belongs to the legume...
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Oxidation-reduction or simply redox reactions are an important class of chemical reactions encountered in many biological media. Redox reactions occur in living or- ganisms and are indeed essential to life. They are mainly involved in metabolic path- ways to generate energy in the form of free energies. In all living organisms, including microbes, metabolism can be thermodynamically driven by different oxi- dation-reduction systems that can be assessed either by free energy...
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Introduction The North American dairy industry has changed rapidly in recent years. As dairy production has industrialized, primarily in the U.S. and Mexico, new economies of scale have dramatically changed the siting of dairies, the management practices and and the application of nutrition. The objective of this...
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Healthy rumen microbe populations are important to dairy cows. Flourishing microbial populations can provide 50% to 80% of a dairy cow's daily protein requirement and up to 80% of its energy requirements. The remainder of the cow's nutrients comes from the level of recommended daily nutrients fed. In addition, research shows that well-managed herds with flourishing rumen microflora perform more consistently with smaller fluctuations in dry-matter intake, milk production and milk components....
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Introduction In the late 1950's Schwartz and Mertz (1959) reported that trivalent chromium (Cr) was an essential component of a factor in brewer's yeast that corrected impaired glucose metabolism in rats fed certain diets. Subsequent studies demonstrated that Cr functioned as a potentiator of insulin action (Vincent, 2001). Considerable research has been conducted with Cr in human nutrition and an adequate intake of Cr has been established for...
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Ionophores and supplemental fat are fed to lactating cows to improve feed efficiency. Their effect on rumen fermentation is similar, but less is known about their impact on rumen microbes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of monensin (M), bacitracin (B), and soybean oil (O) on microbial populations. Mixed cultures of rumen microbes were incubated in 5 dual-flow continuous fermentors and fed 13.8 g of alfalfa hay pellets daily (DM basis) for...
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Redox status as a promising new way to explore live yeast metabolism in the rumen
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This paper reviews the effects of feeding ionophores on nutrient digestion and absorption. In cattle, monensin and lasalocid increase apparent digestible energy by an average of 2.0 percentage units. In sheep, responses in digestible energy to ionophore feeding have been more variable, and neither monensin nor lasalocid have, on average, affected digestible energy. The effect of ionophores on fiber digestibility appears to depend on diet composition and source of...
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Dr. Jerry Spears from North Caroline State University gave a lecture about Balancing dietary minerals to optimize animal productivity and health and minimize their potential environmental impact at the III Global feed and Food Congress 2010 in Cancun, Mexico. ...
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