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Transition period in dairy cattle
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Introduction The period from three weeks before to three weeks after parturition in dairy cows, also known as the transition period, is characterized by significant changes in hormonal profile, feed intake, nutrient requirements, metabolism, and energy balance. These changes are known to dramatically affect immune function. Consequently, cows are at greaterrisk of health disorders and mortality during early lactation. In the last week of...
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Introduction
The multitude of disorders that dairy cows face during the transition to lactation is a perennial source of concern for dairy producers, nutritionists, and veterinarians. Total disease incidence in the several weeks after parturition accounts for a substantial proportion of all morbidity on many dairies, with particularly high rates of mastitis, metritis, milk fever, displaced abomasum, ketosis, and fatty liver, among...
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Coliforms and environmental streptococci were the most prevalent pathogens in clinical mastitis samples. The incidence of clinical mastitis in the first 100 days of lactation was significantly lower for the combination treatment than for the antibiotic treatment alone during both drought and rainy weather dry period. However, the reduction on incidence of clinical mastitis was significantly higher during rainy weather dry period (63.26%), compared with the drought weather dry...
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The concept of setting goals and time constraints is not new in business management. But how does it apply to dairy farm management? In evaluating the production cycle of the dairy herd, a 100-day period of critical importance exists. The ‘100 day contract’ with the dairy cow begins 30 days before calving and runs through first breeding to 70 days postpartum. The terms of the contract include birth of a live calf with the cow remaining healthy during the transition period; high peak...
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Healthy rumen microbe populations are important to dairy cows. Flourishing microbial populations can provide 50% to 80% of a dairy cow's daily protein requirement and up to 80% of its energy requirements. The remainder of the cow's nutrients comes from the level of recommended daily nutrients fed. In addition, research shows that well-managed herds with flourishing rumen microflora perform more consistently with smaller fluctuations in dry-matter intake, milk production and milk components....
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Introduction Traditionally, management of cows during the dry period was minimal. Approximately 60 days before calving, milking would cease and cows were treated with long lasting antibiotic in an attempt to clear up any lingering subclinical mastitis and prevent new infections. Cows were typically removed from the milking herd, given reduced feed, and often exposed to pasture and allowed to "rest" prior to parturition. In the...
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Transition cows diseases and Inflammation - Cause or Effect? Although strong links have been established between inflammatory markers and periparturient diseases, the interpretation of such associative data is difficult. It is possible that inflammation contributes to the etiology of some common early-lactation disorders, but it is also possible that undiagnosed subclinical conditions cause an increase in inflammatory mediators before disease diagnosis (Bradford et al., 2015)
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ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplemental chromium on performance and blood serum biochemistry of dairy cows. Thus twenty multiparous Holstein cows (parity 2 or 3) were equally divided into two groups. Group one, control, which received no chromium supplementation and group two, treatment group, received 5mg/day chromium methionine from week 5 prior to parturition until 12 weeks thereafter. Milk production and...
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Introduction The multitude of disorders that dairy cows face during the transition to lactation is a perennial source of concern for dairy producers, nutritionists, and veterinarians. Total disease incidence in the several weeks after parturition accounts for a substantial proportion of all morbidity on many dairies (Ingvartsen, 2006), with particularly high rates of mastitis, metritis, milk fever, displaced abomasum, ketosis, and...
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What is the best feeding alternative for dry cows? What we can do in transition period to prevent acidosis, ketosis and fatty liver syndrome of milking cows in early lactation period? ...
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Dry cow nutrition might not be the first thing on your mind given current challenges facing the dairy industry. However, proper dry cow nutrition is critically important to improve success in early lactation. Cows fed appropriately during the dry period transition more smoothly, have fewer health problems, and are more productive. It is important to develop a dry cow diet(s) based on a sound forage program. Most successful dry cow diets consist of approximately 70 to 80% forages;...
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"If your cows are dry, they should be turned out and given water." I heard that statement as a joke many years ago when I was just a kid on the home dairy farm. No doubt, cows need water during their dry period. It's one of their basic requirements. It's part of what is needed to keep them comfortable. Dry cows need 20-30 gallons of water per day. The water needs to be fresh, clean and free of contaminants. But, keeping dry cows comfortable involves much more than making sure they...
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Across the Midwest, ethanol plants (primarily dry mill vs. wet mill process) are being planned and built and existing plants expanded. Today over 98 percent of commercially produced ethanol is used to extend gasoline. The attributes of ethanol allow it to be utilized as an octane booster, replacing gasoline additives such as lead and benzene, and as the preferred oxygenate for gasoline replacing MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether). Ethanol maintains widespread support for its ability to...
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Reducing cull rates and improving fertility in early lactation has a dramatic effect on the profitability of many dairies. Continuing research on transition cow nutrition has led to the development of an array of nutritional strategies to prevent disorders during the transition period. It is important, however, to realize that some of these strategies have similar modes of action, and as such, their effects are not likely to be additive. Producers should work...
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Managing transition cows is a significant problem on dairy farms. The issues include nutritional considerations, stocking rates, metabolic disorders, heat stress, and access to feed and water. Often management of transition cows is limited to nutritional considerations. Facilities, grouping strategies, stocking rates, heat stress, and access to feed and water also have a dramatic impact on milk production, herd health, culling rates, and reproductive efficiency. Often nutritional benefits can...
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The transition from a dry cow to a milking cow is a particularly stressful time for dairy animals. It is important that the nutritional management during this time continues to be as good or better than during lactation. A variety of primary and secondary metabolic problems are common during the transition phase, such as ketosis and milk fever. Minerals and vitamins are essential nutrients. These components of the cow’s diet are not just necessary for meeting minimum requirements to...
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Our thanks to the author and Conference Organisers, a Committee consisting of both University and Industry colleagues. The full paper will appear in the Conference Proceedings ('Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition - 2007', edited by Phil Garnsworthy and Julian Wiseman) published by Nottingham University Press in the autumn of 2007 www.nup.com ...
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Our thanks to the author and Conference Organisers, a Committee consisting of both University and Industry colleagues. The full paper will appear in the Conference Proceedings ('Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition - 2007', edited by Phil Garnsworthy and Julian Wiseman) published by Nottingham University Press in the autumn of 2007 www.nup.com ...
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The following article is a special collaboration from AFMA (Animal Feed Manufacturers Association) www.afma.co.za We thank their kind support. Introduction The objective of this paper is to address recent findings in the field of dairy cattle nutrition that are in the interest of on farm dairy producers in South Africa in order to optimise the efficiency of their dairy cattle operations. Although...
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