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Poultry welfare
Proper animal welfare involves providing the proper housing, management, nutrition, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling and, when necessary, humane euthanasia. These factors allow for the most optimal and humane growing environment. The concept of animal welfare includes three elements: the bird’s normal biological functioning, its emotional state and its ability to express its natural behaviors. Improving animal welfare can be accomplished through offerings like poultry feed enrichment, which can reduce stress, thereby increasing performance, productivity and profitability. Animal welfare is currently a major requirement for intensive poultry production. Beak trimming, stocking density, free access to feed, heat stress, and air pollutants became important issues, which are regulated in several countries. Animal welfare is observed by watching how birds naturally behave and even by looking at mortality stemming from aggressive behaviors.
Introduction Keeping birds comfortable during hot, humid weather is critical for optimizing weight gains, feed conversion and livability. Improved growth rates and the trend to heavier average market weights contribute to greater heat loads in modern broiler barns. While the poultry industry has made significant strides to minimize seasonal effects, even the best housing design can still result in birds settling with lighter weights when nature turns up the temperature. Current...
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Husam Bakri (Vaxxinova) talked about the impact of climate changes, biosecurity problems and toxins in the feed on the vulnerability of the birds, during IPPE 2018 in Atlanta, USA....
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Tom Tabler (Mississippi State University) explained how litter quality, ammonia levels and other factors can help in avoiding the appearance of this disease, during IPPE 2018 in Atlanta, USA....
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Introduction Many parameters such as temperature and humidity affect environmental conditions within a poultry house. Heat and cold stresses, wet litter and ammonia emissions are among the extreme conditions adversely affecting the poultry performance (Al-Homidan et al., 2003). The two later factors are associated with another factor termed stocking density as a debating issue in intensive poultry production (Dozier et al., 2006; Estevez, 2007). Increasing stocking density is an...
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Introduction Recent legislation in Australia, that came into effect from March 2017, states that eggs labelled ‘free-range’ need to be laid by hens with meaningful and regular access to the outdoors and that there would be a ceiling on outdoor stocking density of 10000 hens/hectare [1]. However, earlier model Code of Practice [2] and standards from animal welfare bodies [3, 4], as well as many established semi-intensive free-range egg farmers, have often advocated...
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Raising chickens in the United States dates back to the 17th century when the English first brought them here. The chicken was originally domesticated by the English for cock fighting which was considered a spectator sport. Since then chickens have been grown for showing, meat and egg supply or just the pure pleasure of having the birds running around in the yard. Whatever your reasons for having a flock of birds in your yard, consideration should be given to where and how the birds will be...
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INTRODUCTION Lairage times in poultry slaughterhouses usually range from 2 to 4 hours but may vary considerably depending on the logistics and planning of the processing plant. Vieira et al. (2011), who reported pre-slaughter statistics for a Brazilian poultry processing plant, stated that the average lairage time was 2 hours and 58 min, and the maximum was 17 hours and 38 min. Brazilian regulations generally recommend techniques for pre-slaughter handling that consider...
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Kenneth Anderson (NC State University) explained the influence of high space allowance on increased egg production and feed conversion, among other factors, during IPPE 2018 in Atlanta, USA....
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Appropriate rearing is essential for ensuring the welfare and productivity of laying hens. Early experience has the potential to affect the development of fearfulness. This study tested whether rearing in aviaries, as opposed to cages, reduces the fearfulness of laying hens after transfer to furnished cages. Fear responses were recorded as avoidance of a novel object in the home cage. Lohmann Selected Leghorns were reared in an aviary system or conventional rearing cages and then transported...
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Recently, news about food companies that are opting to consume cage-free eggs is becoming more frequent. The cage-free system honors the concept of animal welfare advocated by the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). It also has been addressed in meetings of organizations around the world that encourage discussing the topic to clarify and direct an agreement between all those involved. In this production model, there is no cage confinement and all conditions must be favorable, so the...
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Hello. If you know about utility of heat exchangers (Earny from Big Dutchmann or Clima + from Vencomatic or other) in poultry houses please share your information. From my research, the utility of the heat exchanger in could areas where you use direct heating (like G12 or other kind of heating with CO2 and water production directly inside of the house) is high. But if you use indirect heating (water heating or indirect heaters) and you have a minimum air exchange the utility of heat...
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Mitigating Heat Stress in Poultry Introduction Try blowing on your hand with it about an inch from your mouth. You should feel a warm breeze. Blowing out of one's mouth in cold conditions may result in what looks like steam - it's easier to watch someone else doing that. The 'steam' is water which came from your lungs as invisible water vapour, condensing due to the temperature of the air being below the dew-point. In your lungs its humidity was nearly 100% but it did not condense in there,...
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Introduction
Despite domestication and intensive genetic selection, commercial poultry retain the need to perform their natural behaviours. Conventional broiler housing often provides little opportunity for a good range of natural behaviours, while conventional layer cages severely restrict normal movement and behaviour. Damaging behaviours have been shown to increase in chickens when they are deprived of...
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Modern poultry farming is characterized by the confinement of large numbers of birds in controlled environments, ensuring adequate conditions for the development of the birds. However, this environment is also favorable for the development of insects such as the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). This insect is found worldwide, inhabiting poultry houses, congregating under feeders on the broiler litter, where early larvae and adults live...
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Ernest Pierson, Animal Nutrition consultant for Silvafeed®, mentions the benefits that bring Silvafeed® Nutri P, a natural extract suitable for poultry and an attractive alternative to the use of antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), during the 25th Latin American Poultry Congress in Guadalajara, Mexico....
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Fernando Rutz (Pelotas Federal University, Brazil) discusses the effects of stress factors on the bird's performance and health, and what can be done about it, during VIV MEA 2018 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates....
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On April 16-18, 2018, the Hot Weather Management Workshop will be conducted at the Oconee County Civic Center in Watkinsville, Georgia, a few miles from the University of Georgia. This intensive training program has been specifically designed for those who want to learn more about the design and management of modern poultry houses. The workshop consists of lectures as well as hands on group exercises designed to help attendees gain a firm understanding of the principles behind hot weather...
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Introduction The poultry industry has been able to develop high-level technologies in these more than one hundred years of existence, reaching high zootechnical results. These advances have been obtained through a lot of financial investment in ambience, making the handling work more efficient. However, to offset this economic contribution, the producers were taken to increase the population density in aviary, mainly broiler chickens, currently one of the most discussed and...
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Findings The recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in numerous countries in Asia and Africa and the increase in human cases demonstrate that influenza A viruses remain a global pandemic threat [1,2]. Worldwide, natural migrations of birds and commercialization of poultry product are considered two of the most important mechanisms of disease dispersion [3]. Due to the high risk of the A(H5N1) pandemic threat, multinational efforts have been made to...
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Knowing how much water an evaporative cooling system will use during hot weather can prove to be a very useful piece of information. For instance, to properly size well pumps, pressure tanks and water distribution pipes, designers must know the peak...
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