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Minerals in poultry nutrition
Minerals in poultry nutrition are typically classified as macro- or micro-minerals, depending on the levels needed in the diet. The macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Requirements for the macro-minerals are typically expressed as a percentage of the diet, while the requirements for the micro-minerals are stated as parts per million. Although the quantities required for micro-minerals are lower than for macro-minerals, they play an essential role in the body's metabolism. The micro-minerals include copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc.
I. INTRODUCTION The modern broiler chicken has been genetically selected for rapid growth, increased muscle mass and heavier breast weight (Garner et al., 2002). This increase in production may also be associated with poor leg health and lameness and is often linked to skeletal abnormalities due to reduced bone mineralisation. Poor leg health and lameness affects millions of broiler chickens worldwide, with lame birds having significantly reduced...
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I. INTRODUCTION Historically, there has been a move from the use of a total Ca (tCa) to total P (tP) ratio system (NRC, 1950) to a tCa to inorganic P (iP) ratio (NRC, 1954), to the use of tCa to available P (aP) that appeared in the 1984 NRC. In 1950, the requirements were 1.0% tCa and 0.6% tP (1.66 tCa:tP) (NRC, 1950) and, in the 1954 NRC, the qualification was made giving importance to the availability of P by specifying that, of the 0.6% tP...
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A battery study was conducted to evaluate effect of different sources of selenium (Se) on growth performance, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and tissue Se deposition of young broilers. A semi-purified diet containing corn starch, dextrose, and torula yeast was formulated to meet requirement of broilers for all nutrients except Se. The Se level was formulated to be 0.11 ppm but analyzed to be 0.23 ppm. The study consisted of 9 treatments - negative...
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A 42 d trial was conducted to determine the response of MINTREX ® (metal methionine hydroxy analogue chelate) vs. industry levels of ITMs (inorganic trace minerals) on performance, immune response, and litter trace minerals concentration by feeding broiler chicks diets containing varied levels of supplemental Zn, Cu and Mn as chelates in comparison to industry levels of inclusion of respective inorganic trace minerals...
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On cherche des distributeurs dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique comme le Kenya, l’Ethiopie, la Tanzanie, le Congo, etc
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A 15 week (wk 21-36) study was conducted in a commercial broiler breeder facility to determine the impact of feeding reduced levels of MINTREX ® (metal methionine hydroxy analogue chelate) vs. industry levels of ITMs (inorganic trace minerals) in breeder hens on egg quality, hatching rate and progeny quality. A total of 15200 male line of Hubbard breeder hens were distributed into 4 houses (with floors having 1/3 slats and...
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Trace minerals are important for broiler growth and are used in various physiological, digestive and biosynthetic process of the body. Trace minerals act as cofactors in many enzymes and are associated with proteins involved in intermediary metabolism, hormone secretion path ways and the immune system (Dieck et al., 2003). In broilers, organic trace minerals are better absorbed and utilized and have a greater bioavailability than inorganic trace minerals (Bao et al., 2007)....
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I. INTRODUCTION
Limestone is composed primarily of CaCO 3 and is commonly used as a source of calcium (Ca) in poultry diets. Pure CaCO 3 has a molecular weight of approximately 100g/mole and so is around 400 g/kg Ca. However, CaCO 3 sources used in animal feeding are typically only 370-380 g/kg Ca, sometimes less, due to the presence of other minerals such as Mg or Fe. Furthermore, the bioavailability of...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) requirements of poultry have been investigated extensively over the past 50 years. However, the interactions of these two macrominerals are highly complex and are not easily interpreted. The majority of published animal nutritional research is based either on altering a single food property at a time or where multiple factors are changed. While these approaches are valuable in some circumstances,...
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INTRODUCTION Trace minerals are required to ensure the health and productivity of livestock species. However, requirements are poorly defined in most species and our understanding of the relationship between mineral source and its ability to meet specific requirements lacks precision. As a consequence inorganic trace minerals (ITM) are included in poultry diets at levels several times NRC [3] recommendations. Low absorption coupled with high...
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Steve Elliot, Global Product Director at Alltech, speaks about Q+ (Quality Plus), the mineral quality control program unique to Bioplex Trace Minerals that offers a global quality guarantee to customers using Bioplex Trace Minerals....
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From Ghislaine Roch (Canada) presentation at Lallemand’s International Selenium yeast seminar (Grenaa, Denmark, 2007) Ghislaine Roch, independent feed nutritionist in Canada, has been working on antioxidants in animal production for over ten years. In Grenaa’s seminar, she stressed the importance of antioxidants in poultry management, explaining how modern animal production practices, associated with stress factors and intense metabolism, cause an increase in free...
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To prove it, Adisseo has already invested more than 1 million euros in more than 20 trials across species since 2008 to figure out the synergistic value of Rovabio ® Max, a combination of Rovabio ® Excel, Adisseo's carbohydrase and phytase.
Knowing Rovabio ® Excel and phytase effects separately is not sufficient; as they may have contrary effects, for example on feed intake. Both...
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WATER Water is probably the most important nutrient for poultry because a lack of adequate supply will adversely affect the bird's performance more quickly than a shortage of any other nutrient. This is why it is so important to keep an adequate supply of clean, fresh, cool water before the birds at all times. An automatic waterer, placed in the coolest area of the house or pen is probably best for most small-flock operations. If manually...
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Dear Users,
This is an interesting forum from our Spanish community, generated by Gabriella Olivieri from Venezuela:
Hi, I want to ask a question about the supply of minerals in broilers:
I provided 200 grams of mineral (FOSVIT 20 of the CIA. Turtle Brazil) for every 40 kilos of concentrate, at 2 days after arriving the chicks, it has improved the yield in weight, but there is mortality at 16 days by infarction, and at 35 days this mortality is increased to 13.
I thank you any...
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what is the definition of organic trace mineral?currenlty, what is the kind of trace mineral that affects to reproduction such fertility? ...
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How does early growth rate alter the response to the crude protein level in roaster diets? How is the mortality of birds kept to roaster weight affected by early body weight gain? A study was conducted by Hank Classen and Carlyle Bennett at the University of Saskatchewan to answer these questions.
A total of 1440 broiler cockerels, 720 each of two different broiler strains, were placed at one day of age in 48 pens, 30 birds per pen....
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Achieving maximum health and performance of poultry requires nutritionally balanced diets. One of the common issues with regard to back yard flocks relates to poor or inadequate feeding programs that can lead to vitamin and mineral deficiencies for the birds. Vitamins and minerals are very important components of a chickens diet and unless a formulated ration is feed, it is likely that deficiencies will occur. Poultry require all known vitamins except C. Some vitamins are soluble in...
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As has been obvious to everyone, the price of feed phosphates has undergone an almost incredible increase. A number of reasons can be cited for this, including: increased fertilizer needs to support the levels of corn production stimulated by ethanol policy, a worldwide shortage of sulfuric acid needed for some phosphate manufacture, and the extraordinary energy needs for producing of defluorinated phosphates. Whatever the reason, the tripling (possibly quadrupling) of price has demanded the...
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TODAY'S PULLET Advances in genetic selection make today's pullets quite different from those of only a few years ago. Pullet body weight is less. Age at housing and at 5 percent production are earlier. Total egg numbers are increasing, egg mass is greater, and feed conversion has improved. Poultry producers who raise their own replacement pullets have better control of their pullet's growth, condition and development. When producers...
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The purpose of this fact sheet is to demonstrate how to sample laying hen rations and interpret the calcium levels found in the feed. The results of a study of feed from 24 Saskatchewan leghorn flocks are used to help illustrate the reliability of calcium testing. How to Sample Feed Because the amount of calcium can vary from one sample of feed to the next, it is important to take a good feed...
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