Windrow composting - Joseph Hess

Wind row is drying manure in wind and sun. No machinery. Poultry manure has 60 to 70% moisture. Take it out into sun and keep turning till the manure looks powdery.
Many people add other additives to balance nitrogen phosphorus and potash. Bag and sell as organic manure.

It is the oldest method to dry in sun to reduce moisture. Nowadays people are more cautious about smell and health. The method is crude and if rain comes the leach ate contaminates water source a serious problem for public. The scientific method for complete bio-degradation
without smell and other problems in closed vessel or under roof with air sparging systems for composting are developed. Public dislike and ban open composting system and P C B will take severe action. If it is not fully biodegraded and by application on crops due to exothermic action
plant will die.

The composting equipment I recommend is odor free and efficient in making compost out of poultry manure. The machine has every step of compost fermentation under control. The factory is able to make a production line that makes 50,000 metric tons of compost per year.

Open windrow composting makes a nuisance and health problem to the surrounding environment.
Closed system with vent gasses scrubbing, proper aeration, proper mixing and moisture control, etc. are to be maintained which requires skill.