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Vitamins in swine nutrition
Vitamins are required for normal metabolism in physiological functions such as growth, development, maintenance, and reproduction. Some vitamins are produced by the pig in sufficient quantities to meet its needs while others are present in adequate amounts in feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. However, several vitamins need to be added to swine diets in the form of a vitamin premix to avoid deficiency and obtain optimal performance.
Eleven vitamins are regularly added to swine diets because the natural ingredients commonly used in swine diets (cereal grain, soybean meal, etc.) are deficient. These vitamins can be divided into two groups, fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) and water soluble (riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, choline, biotin, vitamin B12, and folic acid). Several other vitamins function in the pig’s body including pyridoxine (B6), thiamine, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Vitamin needs are usually met by adding a commercial vitamin premix to the diet. Vitamin potency in feed and manufactured products will decrease with exposure to light, high humidity, heat, rancid fat, and oxygen.
The price index of veterinary APIs was 63.17-63.26-63.43-63.53 respectively for the four weeks of this month, from August 7th to 28th. It indicates that the overall veterinary drug raw material market was stable this month, with some varieties fluctuating and adjusting. In the first half of the month, most categories, such as doxycycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate, showed oscillating adjustments; categories, such as florfenicol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline hydrochloride,...
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The price index of veterinary APIs was 63.17-63.26-63.43-63.53 respectively for the four weeks of this month, from August 7th to 28th. It indicates that the overall veterinary drug raw material market was stable this month, with some varieties fluctuating and adjusting. In the first half of the month, most categories, such as doxycycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate, showed oscillating adjustments; categories, such as florfenicol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline hydrochloride,...
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APIs MARKET The market economy's fundamental principle is that the supply and demand imbalance drives price fluctuations. Catalyzed by the environmental protection inspections and the mask incident, the mainstream manufacturers gradually discovered that limiting production (now mainly covered up by equipment maintenance) is a proven effective and tried-and-tested method to cope with excess capacity and swaying market prices, and this artificial control of the market pattern...
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APIs MARKET The price index of veterinary APIs published by the China Veterinary Drug and Feed Trade Center was 62.54-62.57-62.59-62.71 respectively for the four weeks of this month (June 5th-27th). The veterinary APIs market ushered in differentiation in June, with most mainstream categories running steadily while the prices of some individual categories rebounded and a few categories continued to rebound strongly under the influence of supply compression. In early July,...
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NHU: Net profit in 2023 was 2.704 billion yuan, down 25.30% YoY. On April 22, Zhejiang NHU Co., Ltd. released the 2023 annual report,...
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The overall price of the veterinary APIs market remained stable and weak, with mixed rising and falling prices and the prices of a few products hitting new lows. The market adjustment is still ongoing. In early April, the prices of florfenicol and tylosin tartrate continued to decline, the market price of doxycycline hydrochloride showed a trend of rising first and then falling, and the average prices of albendazole and levamisole hydrochloride continued to rise MoM. In late April, except...
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Looking back to the year 2023, the overall API market collapsed. The scarring effect left by the pandemic is hard to fade away completely; the global economy is facing downward pressure, the domestic livestock industry is in a downturn, and the prices of veterinary APIs continue to bottom out, hitting record lows. As the China Veterinary Medicine and Feed Trading Centre (CVMFTC) monitored, the VPi index for four weeks in January was 63.95, 63.41, 63.30 and 63.23. respectively....
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1 Introduction Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that cannot be synthesized by non-ruminants and must be obtained through the diet. Although certain plant pigments called carotenoids may yield retinoids metabolically, only a small percentage of them can be converted into vitamin A precursors in mammals and birds (Surai et al., 2003; Combs and McClung, 2017). Due to practical considerations, the naturally occurring vitamin A and carotenoid levels in feed ingredients are not...
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APIs MARKET
The price index of veterinary APIs monitored by China Veterinary Drugs and Feed Trading Centre for four weeks this month was 64.80-65.07-64.90-64.66, indicating that the market is generally stable. Products such as Doxycycline hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol, etc, have received more attention, while other categories and products have performed stably and are still at the bottom of the market.
A cliff-like...
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APIs MARKET
For the veterinary API industry, the long-awaited golden weeks, "golden nine and silver ten," have been under the way, but the market opened with a less than optimistic answer sheet. The veterinary API market remains weak this month, and the trading is generally light. Whether the upstream manufacturers or the middle and lower reaches of the traders and terminals, they obviously showed insufficient confidence in the veterinary API market trends. The...
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APIs MARKET
In August, the veterinary API market remains weak, and the prices of most mainstream varieties continue to go down. Florfenicol, doxycycline, and amoxicillin have stagnant finishing. At the same time, erythromycin thiocyanate, as an intermediate raw material of azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and erythromycin stearate, has reached a historical high, and Tilmicosin price is going up against the trend. Is this the primary sign of rebound expected by the...
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APIs MARKET
The vet APIs market underwent a profound adjustment in the Q1-Q2 of 2023, but most industry insiders are hoping for a market rebound in the second half of 2023; the main reason is they are optimistic about the recovery of consumer demand in the year. The month of July has ended, and the rebound shows no sign of arriving anytime soon; the lukewarm downstream market still hasn't improved, and the price of most of the products is running low and steady. Doxycycline failed...
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Mitigating the negative impact of Lawsonia intracellularis on pig performance and intestinal wellbeing
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Introduction: Modern pig farming is still associated with a high pre-weaning mortality, which is partly caused by a slow progress of piglet expulsion. Most of the deaths occur around the time of farrowing and therefore farrowing is the most critical phase in pig production. The impact of farrowing includes not only the litter survival and subsequent health of the piglets, but also the feed intake and fertility of the sows. So farrowing rate is a main factor for consistent pig...
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APIs MARKET
The vet APIs market has been going down continuously this year, with a significant decline in some leading products (see the table below) due to the decreased demand.
The market stopped falling at the end of May, and it is stable overall, with prices running at the bottom. Although there are optimistic expectations for the future market, the...
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Introduction Increasing use of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), which contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as n-6 UFA, alters the fatty acid (FA) profile of tissues in pigs to contain more UFA with a higher iodine value (IV) that results in soft fat pork (Cromwell et al., 2011; McClelland et al., 2012). Also, increased deposition of n-6 UFA in tissues may result in increased oxidative problems for both the health of pigs...
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APIs MARKET
After continuous declines, the decedent of the veterinary raw materials market has slowed down, and the overall downward trend seems to have stopped, with most products running weakly and steadily. In contrast,the products with prices remaining firm are Erythromycin Thiocyanate and Amoxicillin. Considering the production costs in upstream factories, some products have been oversold. Trade channels have been watching with the money hold in hand, the market...
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Background Information Major changes in the swine industry during the last quarter century have significantly influenced vitamin nutrition of swine. Improvements in the efficiency of swine production system through selection has necessitated a reappraisal of dietary requirements of vitamins. ...
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APIs MARKET
The APIs market in December generally remains stable and weak, continuing the lingering trend since August. The supply side is widely and deeply affected by the epidemic, with normal production facing increasing challenges and downstream demand continuing to be sluggish, trade channels being cautious in replenishing stocks, and insufficient market confidence.
On December 7, the government...
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The APIs market in November generally remained stable, continuing the lingering trend since August. Supply-side costs are rising, while deals are constrained by downstream demand. Downstream purchases are still subject to the actual need, and there needs more confidence and willingness to stock up and build the position. The supply-demand game has been held this month. It is expected that the recent market trend will continue oscillation and consolidation and need a solid new factor to break...
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