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Vitamins in swine nutrition
Vitamins are required for normal metabolism in physiological functions such as growth, development, maintenance, and reproduction. Some vitamins are produced by the pig in sufficient quantities to meet its needs while others are present in adequate amounts in feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. However, several vitamins need to be added to swine diets in the form of a vitamin premix to avoid deficiency and obtain optimal performance.
Eleven vitamins are regularly added to swine diets because the natural ingredients commonly used in swine diets (cereal grain, soybean meal, etc.) are deficient. These vitamins can be divided into two groups, fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) and water soluble (riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, choline, biotin, vitamin B12, and folic acid). Several other vitamins function in the pig’s body including pyridoxine (B6), thiamine, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Vitamin needs are usually met by adding a commercial vitamin premix to the diet. Vitamin potency in feed and manufactured products will decrease with exposure to light, high humidity, heat, rancid fat, and oxygen.
The veterinary APIs market is currently stable, although there are varying trends across different categories. In early February, prior to the Spring Festival, market sentiment was weak, leading to lighter transaction volumes. Following the holiday, the price of mequindox has seen an upward trend, supported by stronger cost-side factors. Manufacturers of amoxicillin have maintained firm pricing, while the market displays a strong wait-and-see attitude. Categories such as doxycycline hyclate,...
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Fabiano Favarin, Global Business Director – Vitamins at Adisseo, discusses ongoing investment in vitamin technology, highlighting improvements in physical characteristics, reduced dust generation, enhanced premix homogeneity, workplace safety benefits, and the operational and economic impact of optimized vitamin handling. ...
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May 5, 2026
Canada - Alberta - Edmonton
Marcio Ceccantini, Global Technical Manager for Vitamins at Adisseo, discusses the evolving role of vitamins in modern animal production and introduces the Microvit® Nutrition Guide 2026, featuring updated recommendations for 18 species and 36 production phases to support performance and nutritional precision worldwide. ...
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Lara Moody (IFEEDER) explains the impact of vitamin supply chain disruptions on meat and egg production, as well as food security, in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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Megan Provost (AFIA) offers insights on supply and demand for vitamins and amino acids, as well as market trends in recent years, in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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ARLINGTON, Va. – The American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) is calling on U.S. policymakers, trade officials and the food and agriculture industry to work together on mitigating the potential threat of a U.S. vitamin and amino acid supply disruption. The call comes following the release today...
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The demand for "Golden September and Silver October" fell below expectations. In September, the market exhibited signs of a significant recovery, with tentative rebounds. However, in October, the overall market trend shifted from strength to weakness, entering a phase of volatility. The factors driving price increases from the supply side are gradually diminishing. Categories that were previously strong have experienced compensatory declines as the market moved from divergence to consensus,...
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The veterinary APIs market is experiencing stability with prices across most categories showing minimal fluctuations and a gradual absorption of channel inventories. Key products like doxycycline, neomycin sulfate, and erythromycin thiocyanate have sustained steady prices attributed to factory maintenance and restricted order policies. However, certain sectors are encountering sustained price pressures due to the gradual introduction of new production capacities. Market activities are...
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Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements for 7- to 11-kg weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet
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The reproductive system of swine plays a critical role in determining their breeding efficiency and overall health. Proper functioning of this system is essential for achieving optimal fertility rates, ensuring healthy offspring, and maintaining the sustainability of swine production. However, various...
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APIs MARKET Veterinary APIs Price Index (VPi): February 12th 66.33 February 19th 66.26 February 26th 66.28 The veterinary APIs market has shown a moderate recovery after the Chinese New Year holiday (January 28-February 05). Downstream restocking demand has been observed along with the restoration of in-land logistics capacity. Certain products, including Tylosin, Oxytetracycline, Neomycin Sulfate, and Tilmicosin, have witnessed...
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Lara Moody (IFEEDER) comments on the main issues and projects on IFEEDER's 2025 agenda in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2025 in Atlanta, USA....
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Constance Cullman (AFIA) discusses feed ingredients regulations and food safety among AFIA's goals this year, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2025 in Atlanta, USA....
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The price index of veterinary APIs was 63.17-63.26-63.43-63.53 respectively for the four weeks of this month, from August 7th to 28th. It indicates that the overall veterinary drug raw material market was stable this month, with some varieties fluctuating and adjusting. In the first half of the month, most categories, such as doxycycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate, showed oscillating adjustments; categories, such as florfenicol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline hydrochloride,...
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The price index of veterinary APIs was 63.17-63.26-63.43-63.53 respectively for the four weeks of this month, from August 7th to 28th. It indicates that the overall veterinary drug raw material market was stable this month, with some varieties fluctuating and adjusting. In the first half of the month, most categories, such as doxycycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate, showed oscillating adjustments; categories, such as florfenicol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline hydrochloride,...
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APIs MARKET The market economy's fundamental principle is that the supply and demand imbalance drives price fluctuations. Catalyzed by the environmental protection inspections and the mask incident, the mainstream manufacturers gradually discovered that limiting production (now mainly covered up by equipment maintenance) is a proven effective and tried-and-tested method to cope with excess capacity and swaying market prices, and this artificial control of the market pattern...
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APIs MARKET The price index of veterinary APIs published by the China Veterinary Drug and Feed Trade Center was 62.54-62.57-62.59-62.71 respectively for the four weeks of this month (June 5th-27th). The veterinary APIs market ushered in differentiation in June, with most mainstream categories running steadily while the prices of some individual categories rebounded and a few categories continued to rebound strongly under the influence of supply compression. In early July,...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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NHU: Net profit in 2023 was 2.704 billion yuan, down 25.30% YoY. On April 22, Zhejiang NHU Co., Ltd. released the 2023 annual report,...
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The overall price of the veterinary APIs market remained stable and weak, with mixed rising and falling prices and the prices of a few products hitting new lows. The market adjustment is still ongoing. In early April, the prices of florfenicol and tylosin tartrate continued to decline, the market price of doxycycline hydrochloride showed a trend of rising first and then falling, and the average prices of albendazole and levamisole hydrochloride continued to rise MoM. In late April, except...
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Looking back to the year 2023, the overall API market collapsed. The scarring effect left by the pandemic is hard to fade away completely; the global economy is facing downward pressure, the domestic livestock industry is in a downturn, and the prices of veterinary APIs continue to bottom out, hitting record lows. As the China Veterinary Medicine and Feed Trading Centre (CVMFTC) monitored, the VPi index for four weeks in January was 63.95, 63.41, 63.30 and 63.23. respectively....
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1 Introduction Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that cannot be synthesized by non-ruminants and must be obtained through the diet. Although certain plant pigments called carotenoids may yield retinoids metabolically, only a small percentage of them can be converted into vitamin A precursors in mammals and birds (Surai et al., 2003; Combs and McClung, 2017). Due to practical considerations, the naturally occurring vitamin A and carotenoid levels in feed ingredients are not...
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