Wendy Kwok

The reproductive system of a sow plays a central role in determining farm productivity, directly influencing litter size, farrowing rate, and overall economic returns. Efficient reproductive performance depends on the coordination of hormonal regulation, organ function, nutrition, semen quality, and environmental management. However, producers often face challenges such as low conception rates, in ...

Necrotic Enteritis (NE), primarily caused by Clostridium perfringens, stands as one of the most devastating gastrointestinal pathologies in modern poultry production, with global economic losses estimated at approximately US$6 billion annually. Beyond its high clinical mortality rates, the "silent" subclinical form of the disease inflicts profound economic damage through impaired nutrient absorpti ...