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Dairy cattle nutrition
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Introduction The seasonal effects of heat stress have tremendous impact on dairying in India. Adjustments in nutrition and feeding management can alleviate some of the negative effect on health and performance, but compared with environmental modification, manipulation of the cow’s diet specifically for heat stress, has little effect on productivity. Normal physiological processes require that the...
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It seems that, day by day, the administration of adequate levels of cupper and zinc is gaining importance in this regard. In this sense, the use of organic minerals is almost unquestioned. What other nutritional strategies do you follow or have heard/read about? ...
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Effect of dry period heat stress and rumen protected choline on productivity of Holstein cows
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Dr. Lindsay Bell, Research Scientist at CSIRO, discusses the opportunities that crop livestock integration offers in terms of improving the efficiency of the production systems. ...
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Introduction The objective of this article is to briefly describe the most common ethanol coproducts, how they are produced, and typical nutrient compositions. Rapid growth of the ethanol industry in the United States over the last decade has generated large quantities of ethanol coproducts, which are now commonly available as feedstuffs for livestock. These coproducts are often added to livestock diets as a source...
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Potential for 20 % improvement in efficiency of protein use for milk production by amino acid balancing
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Introduction There continues to be a lot of interest in corn silage harvested with a self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH) equipped with an aftermarket processor having cross-grooved processing rolls set for 2- to 3-mm roll gap and greater roll speed differential than has typically been used (32% versus 21%). Also, the developer of this processor recommends that the SPFH be set for a longer theoretical length of cut...
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Introduction
The factors driving food selection, feeding and nutrition-related performance are multiple and complex. These complexities arise from the fact that the many nutrients obtained from foods usually cannot be considered in isolation, but interact in complex ways in their effects on animals. Most models of nutrition have ignored this complexity, rather opting for the simplifying assumption that the...
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Introduction Fertility of dairy cow is reduced in last few decades with increased productivity. Reduced fertility may limit the profitability and sustainability of dairy farms. Fertility is a multi-factorial trait and it is affected by number of factors viz. genetic, environmental, dietary and management factors with their complex interactions which makes difficult to determine the exact reason. Stress could be one...
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i have been recently visiting extensive dairy cows' farms where there were no precise control of animal feeding. Major part of the ration was based on grazing pasturelands, with some addition of silage (either corn or grass) and/or 2-4 kg of concentrates.
These production systems are different to the most widespread ones (intensive ones with precise animal feeding).
Do you have experience regarding tips/strategies to provide with feed additives to cows reared under extensive/semiextensive...
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Effect of dry period heat stress and rumen protected choline on productivity of Holstein cows
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Productivity and longevity of dairy cows are greatly influenced by proper nutrition programs. Human-animal interaction in larger dairies is limited, and ailments detection relies heavily on employees. Metabolic disorders and their complications such as hypocalcaemia, fatty liver, ketosis, displaced abomasum, acidosis, and laminitis may result from dietary inadequacies. Early veterinary attention increases treatment effectiveness and reduces overall costs....
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Sequencing of the bovine genome offers new opportunities to understand the biology of dairy cattle and provides the framework to identify the genetic basis for the improvements and animal differences in productive efficiency. The new areas of biomics era includes genomics (covering DNA), transcriptomics (RNA), proteomics (protein), metabolomics (metabolites) and systems biology (integrating all of these), with bioinformatics. Omics technologies help to design...
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Potential for 20 % improvement in efficiency of protein use for milk production by amino acid balancing
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The reduction in roughage content of the ration, as a result of high-grain, is closely related to changes in milk fat test and has been associated with metabolic problems, such as acidosis, hoof problems, displaced abomasum, liver abscesses, and a general decline in health. Adequate fiber and/or quality forage promotes good health and better performance.
Terminologies used in describing the fiber content of rations are crude fiber, effective fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and...
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Tom Jenkins, professor emeritus at Clemson University, was invited to Mercolactea 2014 to talk about Low milk fat syndrome in cows. ...
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Abstract During natural grazing of pasture, ruminal bio hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of intermediates which are known as CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) isomers. Some of them, like the trans-10/cis-12 isomer are responsible for the observed reduction on milk fat concentration under grazing conditions. Supplementing silage-concentrate diets of transition dairy cows with CLA will adjust the...
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The debate as to the effectiveness of various forms of fat supplements in supplying the energy deficit to lactating dairy cows in early lactation is live. It is perhaps refreshing to review the general properties of the commercially available rumen-protected/inert fats.
Designated digestive characteristics
Fat supplements generally carry the label...
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Effect of dry period heat stress and rumen protected choline on productivity of Holstein cows
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Dr. Adegbola Adesogan, Associate Professor in the Department of Animal Sciences of the University of Florida, speaks about assessing nutritive value of tropical forages and also about his new projects....
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INTRODUCTION The carbohydrate fraction, which includes neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), comprises approximately 70% of diets for lactating dairy cows (DM basis). Meeting a minimum forage-NDF guideline is important for providing sufficient physically-effective NDF (peNDF) to support good rumen function, while exceeding a maximum forage-NDF guideline may restrict dry matter intake (DMI) through rumen fill...
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Potential for 20 % improvement in efficiency of protein use for milk production by amino acid balancing
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Introduction Dairy farmers might be over-feeding a large proportion of lactating cows when they feed the same ration to a large group of animals. Diets are normally formulated to provide enough nutrients to the most productive animals, which in turn gives extra nutrients to the less productive animals. Therefore, splitting lactating cows in smaller groups and offering group-specific feeding rations provides more precise...
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Studies have demonstrated that heat-treating colostrum at 60°C for 60 minutes results in a significant reduction in colostral bacteria counts with no overall reduction in colostral IgG concentrations. Preweaned calves fed HT colostrum have enhanced efficiency of absorption of IgG and reduced morbidity. Despite these benefits, limited research exists to describe if the heat-treatment process harms other colostrum components. The objective of Study 1, described herein, was...
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Dairy Cow Nutrition Nutrient requirements for lactating dairy cows vary with the stage and level of lactation, growth rate and stage of gestation. Most dairy producers in Arkansas feed grain in the parlor as the cows are being milked. This allows producers the opportunity to feed cows according to their level of production and to manage the amount and quality of grain that the cow is consuming. Figure 1 (page 2) shows the...
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Enzymes have been used extensively in the diets of poultry and pigs, and as silage additives, but, until recently, not much in the diets of ruminants (Beauchemin et al., 1995; Beauchemin et al., 1999a; Yang et al., 1999), due to the view that feed enzymes would be rapidly degraded in the rumen before they could have any effect (Beauchemin et al., 1995; Beauchemin et al., 1999a; Kung et al., 2000; Bowman et al., 2002a) and due to the high cost of enzymes and inconsistency of responses (Yang et...
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