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Management of mycotoxicosis in poultry

Published: February 7, 2019
By: Ram Singh

Storage of high moisture feed is one of the major problems for production of aflatoxins. Storage of feed for a month with 13% moisture was not safe to prevent aflatoxin (AF) production. However, the production of AF at 13% moisture level can be completely inhibited by adding fumaric acid @ 0.20% or citric acid @ 0.45%. At 15 and 17% moisture level in feed, more than 0.50% of fumaric acid or citric acid is required for complete inhibition of biosynthesis of aflatoxins. Fumaric acid was more efficient to prevent mould growth in comparison to citric acid.

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Ram Singh
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Md. Abdullah Ansari
12 de febrero de 2019

Is fumaric acid more beneficial than propionic acid to reduce adulation in feed? Dr. Abdullah Ansari.

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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
13 de febrero de 2019

Md. Abdullah Ansari, Propionic acid and fumaric acid have almost equal efficacy in preventing biosynthesis of aflatoxins in feed. However, small variations may occur due to method followed in estimation. Overall if we see, propionic acid is little bit more efficacious in preventing biosynthesis of aflatoxins in feed.

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Abdul Matin
20 de febrero de 2019

While propionic acid can assist in controlling mold growth, it's important to know that mycotoxins are already formed and exist in the feed. Mycotoxins need mycotoxin binders to eliminate them and hence it's an insurance to a clean feed since the sampling procedure for toxin binders is erroneous and involves large quantities, if sampling it's essential to incorporate a good binder.

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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
25 de febrero de 2019

Dear Abdul Matin, Propionic acid is used to inhibit fungus growth. It has nothing to do with the mycotoxin already present in the feed. To detoxify the mycotoxin we have to use toxin binder. I have developed two mycotoxin binders viz. Mycodetox B1 and Mycodetox B2 based on our decade's intensive research efforts. Publications will be available soon.

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Abdul Matin
26 de febrero de 2019

Ram Singh, 
that is precisely what I meant. To reduce the growth of fungus propionic acid is used .ie to say mycotoxins being secondary metabolite of organisms of the fungus growth has to be controlled by propionic acids and mycotoxins already prevailing by mycotoxin binders.

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TOKASI
23 de febrero de 2019

Mycotoxin molecules are destroyed in high temperature. We need food additives for fungi grows controlling in animal & poultry feed. Food additives usually are used from inorganic substrates example bentonitte, Na Cl and etc. The first step is prevention of fungi growing with moisture decreasing.

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Md. Abdullah Ansari
23 de febrero de 2019

Bentonite and HSCAS are good mycotoxin binder. Can anyone share the information about porosity of bentonite? Because the less the porosity the better the nonbinding capacity with nutrients.

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Muhammad Salman Akram
Sis chemicals
2 de diciembre de 2021
Md. Abdullah Ansari yes of course bentonite give best results. I am using it in our toxin binder formulation
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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
25 de febrero de 2019

In my laboratory, two mycotoxin binders namely Mycodetox B1 and Mycodetox B2 were developed after a decade's intensive research efforts. Both these binders are equally efficacious in ameliorating aflatoxicosis. These binders completely ameliorated the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis in chickens, quails and turkeys. Research articles will be available soon.

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Jonathan Tarus
25 de febrero de 2019

Management of mycotoxins starts with feed handling procedures which prevents high moisture content hence minimizing mold growth. Use of binders comes after minimizing mold growth in feedstuff. Thus, prevent the carry-over to products which are human food. Are these binders not an issue to public health in the long run?

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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
26 de febrero de 2019

Management of mycotoxicosis starts from the field operation itself. If you detect mycotoxins in feed use the suitable toxin binder. I have also developed two mycotoxin binders viz. Mycodetox B1 and Mycodetox B1 for poultry. The efficacy of both the binders was tested in chickens, quails and turkeys. Both the binders completely ameliorated the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis in tested species and were equally efficacious in ameliorating aflatoxicosis. The research articles based on these binders will be available online shortly.

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Akos Mesterhazy
Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd.,Hungary
Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd.,Hungary
28 de febrero de 2019

Ram Singh
I should start earlier. We have detected (not alone) that the most important toxin regulating agent is resistance, About 80 % of the corn hybrids and wheat cultivars has closely related data between resistance (infection severity) and toxin contamination. The rest are toxin over producers, e. eg they produce even several times toxin more than could be explained from the severity.

The other side is also true, there are higly infected genotypes with significantly lower toxin than anticipated. As we have no full resistance to toxigenic fungi in our crops, under epidemic conditions no zero can be anticipated, but in maize for example, 2.3 ppb and eight hundred at another hybris is fact.

This means that with a highly susceptible hybrid or cultivar you have no chance with toxin binders and antibiotic treatment. QAs between commercial hybrids and wheat cultivars we hav 10-20 fold differences in toxin production, you should check forst the plant material. When it is OK, you can go on and if you have a low lwvwl toxin contamination, you can balane it with toxin binders or antibiorics or bot, but the chance will be much better not to kill your animals. See: Mesterhazy et al. 2015 Agricultiral Sciences, 2018. Wolrld Mycotoxin Journal, 2018 Toxins for further information). Another thing is the storage, an often debattted problem. So your peasants or grain producers must grow only medium or highly resistant cultivar for animal feed. This is a precondition is also for human food supply.

Even you store in excellent quality at harvest, during bad storage conditions and treatment you might have high or very high toxin contamination. For this reason before use a toxin check is routine work and controlling storage conditions by sensors connected to your computer you see what is happening and you can intervene when something happened. 

I wish you good luck.
Greetings
Akos Mesterhazy

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Abdul Matin
27 de febrero de 2019
Dr Singh are these products available in the indian market what is the price and dosage per mt if feed. appreciate your response
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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
28 de febrero de 2019

Dear Abdul Matin, these are not available in the market, once the paper is published, you can also prepare on your own.

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Raul Felman
5 de marzo de 2019
Dr Singh Thank you for your comments. I do believe that there are some products that can achieve killing of the mold and toxin. The main problem is the consistency of field testing and owners wanting to in vest in absorbent inhibitiors. Even in India, they use the most economic solutions without major results. First we need to continue the education of end users and make sure they understand the impacts of using cheaper ingredients to eradicate toxins.
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Stephen Fapohunda
27 de febrero de 2019

Are they bio product? A company in Nigeria wants to be sole Agent for biopestiides, biostimulants and odor control products.
Please contact rhizucor@gmail.com. immediately

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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
28 de febrero de 2019

Dear Stephen Fapohunda, once the research article is published, I will upload it on Engormix.

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Stephen Fapohunda
27 de febrero de 2019
rhizucor@gmail.com
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Emmanuel Ayo
27 de febrero de 2019
Good achievement. What is the nature of the binders
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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
28 de febrero de 2019

Dear, Emmanuel Ayo, once the paper is published, I will upload it on Engormix.

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Raul Felman
5 de marzo de 2019

The most important management tool is to educate owners of impacts in poultry deaths due to mycotoxins in feed.
I traveled to many countries in my life and one of the major problems is using the most appropriate absorbents in the end product.
Diseases are of great impact as well, just that they are poorly recognized in the field.
Adapting a HASAP program or a similar type of program, that can constitute the semi elimination of the problems that occur in poultry

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Orison Chemicals Limited
Orison
31 de agosto de 2021

Fumaric acid for feed

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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
1 de septiembre de 2021
Dear Leo, Fumaric acid was used for prevention of mould growth in feed to avoid aflatoxin production.
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Jonathan Tarus
1 de septiembre de 2021
Infection of grains by mycotoxigenic fungi starts in the field: before and after harvesting. The best stage of prevention is at this level (field). Ways should be invented to effectively minimize or totally control the contamination here. Fumaric acid seem to work during storage while binders are useful after contamination. Therefore, can combination of the two work in the field before storage?
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Peetambar Dahal
UC Davis - University of California
UC Davis - University of California
6 de septiembre de 2021
Jonathan Tarus Pre-harvest aflatoxin intervention has been described (World Mycotoxin Journal, 2016; 9 (5): 771-789). Both insects and nutrient loses continue if moisture is not regulated after the harvest. A combination of pre-harvest biological control mentioned above and moisture regulation (dry chain) after harvest would be a preventive approach.
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vin
1 de septiembre de 2021
what a dosage propionic acid to efficacy in preventing biosynthesis of aflatoxins in feed? thx
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Ram Singh
Ram Singh
Author
2 de septiembre de 2021
Dear Vin, An experiment was conducted with variable moisture content in feed. The results showed that at 11% moisture level in feed, aflatoxin biosynthesis did not occur in any of the treatments. However, with the increase in moisture content in feed from 11 to 17%, there was increase in production of the aflatoxins. Complete inhibition of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) synthesis at 13% moisture level was achieved at 0.25% propionic or 0.30% benzoic or 0.40% tartaric acid concentration. The biosynthesis of any of the aflatoxins was completely inhibited at 0.50% propionic or benzoic acid in feed containing 15% moisture. However, propionic or benzoic or tartaric citric acid at 0.50% level in feed, failed to completely inhibit the synthesis of any of the four fractions of aflatoxins in feeds containing 17% moisture level, though with the increased concentrations of acids, the biosynthesis of total as well as individual fractions of aflatoxins decreased.
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Peetambar Dahal
UC Davis - University of California
UC Davis - University of California
5 de septiembre de 2021
Ram Singh Thanks for your contribution. To see no aflatoxins at 11% moisture content treatment opens door for interventions to maintain such level of dryness in the value chain.
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