Dysbiosis

In many scientific publications, journals, articles, etc. reference is made to EUBIOSIS, but... What does this term refer to and why is it so important to be understood? Eubiosis is defined as the balance of the intestinal microbial ecosystem and is considered a fundamental concept in the field of human and animal health. The gut microbiota is a complex community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa located throughout the intestinal tract. A gut microbiota in a eubiotic state is characterised by a predominance of potentially beneficial species, while potentially pathogenic species are present, but in a lower percentage. The composition of the microbiota is determined by host genotype, environment and diet. Signalling molecules and metabolic products of the microbiota influence several gut functions: motility, digestion, permeability, mucosal immunity and barrier effect. When this balance is disturbed, we talk about dysbiosis. Some factors that can alter the balance of the gut microbiota include inflammation, oxidative stress, antibiotics and the presence of pathogens. The importance of maintaining a eubiotic condition in the gut microbiota ecosystem quickly becomes clear when some of the adverse sequelae following antibiotic treatment are observed. Both opportunistic and exogenous pathogens benefit from the state of dysbiosis. Furthermore, it should be noted that the host response to exogens amplifies and promotes this dysbiosis. Host responses include the induction of inflammation, leading to an altered intestinal nutritional environment, and secretory diarrhoea often follows, which has serious effects on the microbiota ecosystem. The importance of considering a holistic approach to the microbial ecosystem that takes into account all components of this complex community seems clear, in order to maintain productive performance and preserve animal health.