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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction: PrimePac PRRS™ is a newly introduced modified life PRRS Type II vaccine that can be administered either intradermally (ID) with the IDAL device or intramuscularly (IM). The objective of this study was to evaluate duration of immunity of this vaccine via both administration routes in SPF piglets vaccinated at 2 weeks of age and challenged with a virulent PRRSv strain 23 weeks later. Materials and Methods: Two-week old piglets were vaccinated...
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Introduction: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) may cause significant losses in pig herds due to pre-weaning mortality and reduced performance in growing pigs. In Belgium, the virus is widespread and endemic in most herds. An earlier trial showed that infection of PRRSv mainly occurs near the end of nursery (8-12 weeks of age (w)). PRRSv vaccines are effective under experimental conditions, but sometimes fail to cover the field expectations. Sow...
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Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important infectious agent because of its impact on production and zoonotic potential. Vaccination effectiveness to control the disease is debatable in part due to the constant genetic change of this RNA virus. The goal of this case report is to summarize the protocol and results of herd closure, autogenous whole-herd vaccination and nursery depopulation to eliminate IAV from three 5.000-sows herds. Materials and...
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Introduction: Improvac® (Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ, USA; marketed as Innosure® in Colombia) is an anti-GnRF vaccine for the immunological castration (IC) of male pigs for the control of boar taint. However, there is very limited information available about the effects of IC on female pigs by temporal suppression of estrus. The objective of this study was to compare performance and carcass quality of immunocastrated vs. normally maturing females raised in a...
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Introduction: Vaccination against circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( M.hyo ) is done round weaning, which is one of the most stressful events in the pig’s life. Therefore, vaccination should not contribute to compromised well-being to this new situation. Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been proposed as suitable biomarkers to monitor stress, for detection of inflammation and for monitoring the well-being of pigs. The aims of this study...
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Introduction: Improvest® (Zoetis, also known as Improvac) is an anti-GnRF vaccine for the immunological castration of male pigs for the control of boar taint. However, there is limited information on the impact of timing of 2nd Improvest dose relative to the time of harvest on growth and carcass parameters. The objective of this study was to compare different times of the 2nd on the performance of immunological-castrates (IC) relative to physical-castrates (PC) and...
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Introduction: Pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Ap) results in significant losses in the pig industry worldwide. Besides acute outbreaks of respiratory disease, deaths, increased antibiotic usage, condemned carcasses and lower animal welfare, there are also subclinical manifestations in an infected herd. The consequences may be a lower average daily weight gain (ADG), a higher feed conversion rate (FCR) and a high level of chronic...
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Introduction: Local reactions are possible side effects after vaccination in animals. In the case of live viral vaccines, local reactions are mostly small and transient, whereas in the case of inactivated vaccines local reactions are often more pronounced. These effects are due to the use of adjuvants in inactivated products. Depending on the adjuvant type, local inflammatory reactions at the injection site are common but vary in extent. In Europe the safety of...
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Introduction: WGV0917(KCTC 12783BP), WGV1014(KCTC 12784BP), and WGV1107(KCTC 12785BP) were originally isolated from neonatal piglets that were shown typical PRRSV infected symptoms. These strains had genetically characterized the NA (WGV0917 and WGV1014) and EU (WGV1107) strains and culturally passaged on PAM cells for adaptation and MARC-145 cells for attenuation. This study was to compare their immunogenicity of attenuated virulent PRRSV NA and EU strains with Ingelvac...
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Introduction: PRDC is regarded as one of the most serious problems in worldwide swine production recently. There are many pathogens involved in PRDC such as PRRSV, PCV2, SIV, MH, HPS, APP, and PM etc. PRRSV among them could cause disease on its own, and cause immunosuppression of infected pigs, resulting in increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection. The main purpose of this study was to reduce mortality and to increase performance using Ingelvac PRRS MLV in...
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We are sciencing the global food challenge - Because it's all about life | Evonik
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Introduction: Nowadays, many vaccination programs have to be implemented in sows. Firstly, reduction of injections by administering vaccines simultaneously can improve both animal welfare and the farmer’s labour efficiency. Secondly, these combinations must be safe and effective, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) being the institution responsible for guaranteeing the efficacy of these mixtures. The purpose of this study was to assess the inuse stability of the...
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Introduction: Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a disease which has a significant impact on the global pig industry. The objective of this work is to develop and validate an experimental challenge model for PRRSV to facilitate the efficacy testing of novel vaccines and therapeutics. Materials and Methods: A total of 23, seven week (+ 1 week) old piglets (PRRSV antibody negative) were included on the study. On arrival the...
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Introduction: PRRS virus was identified in 1990' earlier and classified two groups in type 1 and type 2 genetically. PRRS virus has been discovered all over the world. PRRS modified live virus vaccines are introduced in many country to control PRRS. But these PRRS live virus vaccines didn’t defend against heterologous PRRS virus perfectly. This field case shows reproductive performance after type 1 modified live virus vaccination when it is infected with type 1...
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Introduction: To define breeding sow herds as PRRS non-suspect, PRRS ELISA negative results are required according to the German surveillance program. IDEXX X3 ELISA is a commonly used test because of its high specificity and sensitivity. To control and eradicate PRRSv, the choice of PRRS MLV vaccine is important with respect to spread of vaccine virus and impact on virus circulation. Only little is known about duration and persistence of PRRS-specific antibodies,...
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Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important pathogen in swine, and the main intervention strategy is vaccination to induce neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA). Three major antigenic clusters, cyan, red, and green, were identified among H3N2 viruses circulating in pigs in the U.S. and were associated with amino acid changes in 6 key sites in the HA protein. In this study, we compared the efficacy of different vaccine platforms including...
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Introduction: In PRRS challenge studies a large amount of data is available and is often presented in tables to demonstrate the effect of challenge. All of the effects of challenge are happening in the pigs at the same time. Still it is a challenge to visualize the simultaneous events in an optimal way. This paper aims to visualize a number of simultaneous effects of PRRSV challenge in vaccinated pigs using a time spatial moving graph. Materials and...
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Introduction: Veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands often try to use PRRS antibody titers as a tool for compliance of modified-live (MLV) PRRS vaccination in piglets, or to show PRRS field virus infection in piglets regardless of previous PRRS MLV vaccination. The objective of this field study was to evaluate results of PRRS antibody testing in the serum end of nursery, at 5-7 weeks after PRRS MLV vaccination. Materials and Methods: In five...
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Introduction: Modern pig farming requires to set up adequate vaccination programs to prevent or decrease economic loss from important infectious diseases. Vaccination compliance is a key success factor for a cost-effective prevention strategy. It relies on the administration of the correct dosage, by the correct route at the correct date. During the vaccination process, leakage or bleeding out of vaccine droplets may be observed on the pig skin surface, particularly when using...
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We are sciencing the global food challenge - Because it's all about life | Evonik
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is primary pathogen of pigs causing serious failure in production and reproduction of pigs. We confirm the influence of the infection and the vaccination to the immune response in the experiment in vivo. The immunosuppressive activity of this virus can also predispose to secondary bacterial infections. The animals infected with both pathogens develop more severe clinical signs. Materials and...
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Introduction: Aujeszky disease is still a major pathogen causing respiratory problem and reproduction failure in Taiwanese swine herds. Though eradication program in breeder farms is in progress, no standard vaccination program recommended for commercial farms. Recently Area Regional Control (ARC) became popular for its benefit of diseases control in an area level. In this study, we report a survey on sero-prevalence of Aujeszky disease in a small swine production group in east...
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