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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction: PRRS virus was identified in 1990' earlier and classified two groups in type 1 and type 2 genetically. PRRS virus has been discovered all over the world. PRRS modified live virus vaccines are introduced in many country to control PRRS. But these PRRS live virus vaccines didn’t defend against heterologous PRRS virus perfectly. This field case shows reproductive performance after type 1 modified live virus vaccination when it is infected with type 1...
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Introduction: To define breeding sow herds as PRRS non-suspect, PRRS ELISA negative results are required according to the German surveillance program. IDEXX X3 ELISA is a commonly used test because of its high specificity and sensitivity. To control and eradicate PRRSv, the choice of PRRS MLV vaccine is important with respect to spread of vaccine virus and impact on virus circulation. Only little is known about duration and persistence of PRRS-specific antibodies,...
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Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important pathogen in swine, and the main intervention strategy is vaccination to induce neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA). Three major antigenic clusters, cyan, red, and green, were identified among H3N2 viruses circulating in pigs in the U.S. and were associated with amino acid changes in 6 key sites in the HA protein. In this study, we compared the efficacy of different vaccine platforms including...
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Introduction: In PRRS challenge studies a large amount of data is available and is often presented in tables to demonstrate the effect of challenge. All of the effects of challenge are happening in the pigs at the same time. Still it is a challenge to visualize the simultaneous events in an optimal way. This paper aims to visualize a number of simultaneous effects of PRRSV challenge in vaccinated pigs using a time spatial moving graph. Materials and...
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Introduction: Veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands often try to use PRRS antibody titers as a tool for compliance of modified-live (MLV) PRRS vaccination in piglets, or to show PRRS field virus infection in piglets regardless of previous PRRS MLV vaccination. The objective of this field study was to evaluate results of PRRS antibody testing in the serum end of nursery, at 5-7 weeks after PRRS MLV vaccination. Materials and Methods: In five...
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Introduction: Modern pig farming requires to set up adequate vaccination programs to prevent or decrease economic loss from important infectious diseases. Vaccination compliance is a key success factor for a cost-effective prevention strategy. It relies on the administration of the correct dosage, by the correct route at the correct date. During the vaccination process, leakage or bleeding out of vaccine droplets may be observed on the pig skin surface, particularly when using...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is primary pathogen of pigs causing serious failure in production and reproduction of pigs. We confirm the influence of the infection and the vaccination to the immune response in the experiment in vivo. The immunosuppressive activity of this virus can also predispose to secondary bacterial infections. The animals infected with both pathogens develop more severe clinical signs. Materials and...
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Introduction: Aujeszky disease is still a major pathogen causing respiratory problem and reproduction failure in Taiwanese swine herds. Though eradication program in breeder farms is in progress, no standard vaccination program recommended for commercial farms. Recently Area Regional Control (ARC) became popular for its benefit of diseases control in an area level. In this study, we report a survey on sero-prevalence of Aujeszky disease in a small swine production group in east...
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Introduction: Porcine circovirus (associated) diseases (PCV(A)D) are one of the main health problems in modern porcine industry. The disease has become endemic, ubiquitous and can nowadays be seen with milder clinical signs than in the past, from severe to unapparent, from the weaning age to the finisher stage and in the gilts and sows. Several commercial PCV2 vaccines are used in piglets in production to reduce or eliminate the clinical problems. The present paper reports a...
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Introduction: PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) are the etiologic agents of PCV2-Diseases (PCVD) and enzootic pneumonia (EP), respectively. They are both known to play an important role in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The objective of this study was top evaluate the benefit of adding a PCV2 vaccination to a regular M hyo vaccination on standard production performance and EP lung lesions. Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted in...
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Introduction: PCV2a is the longest known PCV2 genotype and the current commercial vaccines contain PCV2a. In recent years PCV2b has been the main strain identified in field cases in the US. Since 2012, PCV2d has been associated with apparent PCV2 vaccine failures in the US. In a large study investigating PCV2 sequences from 2012-2013 in the US, 37% of all 143 sequences investigated were classified as PCV2d whereas PCV2a comprised 12.6% of the sequences and PCV2b was identified...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the onset of immunity of PrimePac PRRS, a modified live PRRSv Type II vaccine, in piglets vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or intradermally (ID) with IDAL, followed by challenge with PRRS Type II strain VR2332 4 weeks later. Materials and Methods: Two-week old piglets were vaccinated with one dose PrimePac PRRS vaccine (produced by MSD-AH, The Netherlands) dissolved in Diluvac Forte. Vaccinations were...
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Introduction: PCV2 virus (PCV2) causes economic damage and is a risk factor in swine production. Vaccination coverage is > 85%. Scientific literature reports differences in protection. Subclinical PCVAD (PCVAD-SI) can occur in vaccinated herds. In protection against PCV2 infection both Virus Neutralizing antibodies (VN) and Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) are important. Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDA) are protective and the titer height varies among piglets. High MDA titers...
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Introduction: PRRS is one of the most significant pig diseases in the modern swine industry. Current vaccination strategies are based on the use of Modified Live Vaccines (MLV) and/or Inactivated Vaccines. Nevertheless, in many farms PRRSV circulation in weaned piglets remains a clinical problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementation of a Dual Technology Prime Boost (DTPB) vaccination combining MLV and PROGRESSIS® (Merial) at the...
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Introduction: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a worldwide endemic and highly contagious disease with high economic impact. There are 2 biovars and 15 different known serotypes. APP that require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for growth are designated as biovar 1 while APP isolates that are NAD independent are designated as biovar 2. In this study, the fed-batch fermentation process was optimized for...
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Introduction: Lawsonia intracellularis (L.i.) is the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). PPE is a relevant economic enteric disease that causes diarrhea and reduces weight gain in growing pigs (1). The subclinical form produces as well a negative impact on performance and farm economics. L.i is endemic in most of the Spanish farms (2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Enterisol® Ileitis (Boehringer Ingelheim...
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Introduction: Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) is a multifactorial syndrome which is a source of heavy economical losses. Its control implies herd management and therapeutic measures (vaccines, antimicrobials). Objective of this study was to assess efficacy of a multivalent vaccine to prevent PRDC and related losses in a Philippine herd. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in a farrow-to-finish herd with1,400 sows having a history of...
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Introduction: Streptococcus suis ( S. suis ) is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs. Vaccination is a foremost strategy to reduce the impact of the infection and the antibiotic consumption due to this pathology. In France there is no available vaccine and autogenous vaccines are widely used, but there are no accurate and repeatable criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the vaccination. Field clinical observation on several farms is thus a tool for...
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Introduction: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and PCV2 cause significant economic losses to the U.S. swine industry. Circumvent® PCV-M G2 (Merck AH, USA) protects against both pathogens using two dosing options: single, 2mL intramuscular (IM) dose at 3 weeks of age (WOA) or older, or 1 mL IM as early as 3 days of age followed by 1mL dose 3 weeks later. The objective was to evaluate different vaccination dosing and timing protocols on PCV2 viremia and post...
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Introduction: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes severe economical problems in livestock industry because of rapid spread and inducing low productivity. Thus, the administration of vaccines is a highly effective method for preventing FMD. In an effort to prevent and control FMD, Korea is currently implementing a vaccination policy. Despite all the hard work, Korea is suffering from recent FMD outbreaks of serotype O. FMD vaccines were evaluated characteristics, purity,...
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