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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction: Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) was first identified in Canada in the mid-90’s. Since then, it evolved to the worst disease of modern swine industry as a complex of PCV2 diseases i.e. Porcine Circovirus (associated) Diseases (PCV(A)D). It is now present in all parts of the world. PMWS is characterized by a sudden wasting in weaners. Later PCVD is more often seen in the finishers and as a reproductive problem. The aim of the present paper is...
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Introduction: PRRS has a significant economic impact on the Chinese swine industry. Since high swine farm density and a lot of constrains to controlling PRRS, elimination wild type PRRSV (WT-PRRSV) is very hard in China. Some farmers used repopulation and depopulation successfully eliminated WTPRRSV, but this method is very costly. We report here on the successful elimination of WT-PRRS virus from a 1500 sow farrow-to-finish production system easily to...
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Introduction: A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of 1-7-4 emerged in North Carolina in 2014. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PRRS 1-7-4 in previously positive sow herds versus naïve sow herds using sow performance data. Materials and Methods: Sixteen sow farms diagnosed with PRRS 1-7-4 over a 10-week period during spring 2015 were selected. Prior to PRRS 1-7-4...
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Introduction: Portugal is a country in south-west Europe where PRRSv strains affecting swine are mainly from the European type. Most of PRRS vaccines used have European strains. During late 2014 and 2015, we recorded 18 new cases of confirmed American type PRRSv (AS-PRRS), in farms previously positive for European type PRRSv (EU-PRRS) and vaccinated against European strains. All affected farms showed reproductive symptoms in sows and respiratory symptoms in nursery and...
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Introduction: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and co-infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) plays a primary role in the porcine respiratory disease complex. Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been proposed as suitable veterinary biomarkers to monitor welfare, and inflammatory response. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP) has recently been postulated as a potential biomarker use for vaccine safety studies and the measurement of haptoglobin (Hp) may be...
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Introduction: PCV2 infections can play an important role in swine respiratory disease. A feasible way of screening for PCV2 infections at herd level is cross-sectional blood sampling and qPCR analysis on pools of serum samples. The present study describes the results from VirusCheck, a service tool that includes herd information and serological investigation for PCV2. Materials and Methods: For each herd (n=146), blood samples were collected from pigs...
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Mycotoxins semiannual survey of mycotoxin in feed in 2023 Taiwan - Second Half
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Introduction: Swine influenza is a worldwide appearing pathogen which causes important losses in swine production. The disease is characterized by sudden onset, coughing, dyspnea and fever. Apart from these clinical signs, swine influenza can also result (directly or indirectly) in abortion, fetal death or other reproductive disorders. Since 2009, the subtype pdmH1N1(2009) has been isolated with an increasing prevalence in pigs worldwide, likely indicating that this subtype has...
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Introduction: In 2010, three outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in South Korea. Among these outbreaks, the largest occurred from November 2010 to April 2011 and induced 153 total cases occurring in both cattle and pigs. During this outbreak, a nationwide vaccination policy was enforced and carried out in susceptible animals, including pigs. However, local reactions at the injection site were present after vaccination. Even now, these local reactions are...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two combinations of vaccines against PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( M hyo ) under Brazilian field conditions. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in a farrow-to-finish farm located in Minas-Gerais province, with a history of clinical PCVD and enzootic pneumonia during growing/finishing, and lack of homogeneity at slaughter time. A group of 896...
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Introduction: Swine erysipelas (SE) is one of the diseases of greatest prevalence and economic importance in pork production. A protective role of specific antibodies against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the causative agent of SE, has long been suggested. Mass vaccination against SE is the most commonly used approach to control SE, which relies heavily on the development of a strong herd immunity. Despite the efficacy of existing vaccines, inadequate...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an economically devastating enteric disease characterized by vomit and diarrhea. Currentcontrol method including oral administration with PED infected intestine has been used with some degree of success. However, this management protocol provide potential risk of pathogen recontamination into the herd. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine, RNA (Harrisvaccines , IA, USA) is the first USDA conditionally licensed PEDV...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by PEDV infection inflicts severe damages to swine industry. Though several attenuated strains such as CV777 and SM98 were used to vaccine production, recently field isolated strains were different from vaccine strains genetically as well as serologically. Recent PEDV isolates in Asia and USA show more contagious and more severe mortality than previous PEDV. Continuous vaccine strain development is essential for effective PEDV...
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Introduction: Based on serological studies, it is assumed that PCV2 is ubiquitous in the pig industry across the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit of PCV2 piglet vaccination on ADG and mortality rate from weaning to slaughter in a herd subclinically infected with PCV2. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a farrow to finish farm located in Brittany, France, positive for PRRSv, PCV2, APP, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,...
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Introduction: The main impact of Porcine Epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus is high mortality in piglets between birth and weaning and as a consequence pig producers have serious economic losses. Since 2014, Mexico has been positive to PED virus as diagnosed by the PCR test. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two vaccines against PED (manufactured by ZoetisTM and Harrisvaccines TM respectively) compared to no...
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Introduction: Lawsonia intracellularis (L.i.) is the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). PPE is a relevant economic enteric disease that causes diarrhea and reduces weight gain in growing pigs (1). The subclinical form produces as well a negative impact on performance and farm economics. L.i is endemic in most of the Spanish farms (2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Enterisol® Ileitis (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica...
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Introduction: Salmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variant (S. Typhimurium 1, 4, [5], 12:i-) are increasingly responsible of food borne infections in humans and pork represents the principal source of infection. Infection is generally sub-clinical in pigs and carrier pigs could introduce bacteria in the slaughterhouse. The aim of the study was to test the efficacy and safety of an attenuated vaccine of S. Typhimurium 1, 4, [5], 12:i- (S. Typhimurium Monophasic...
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Mycotoxins semiannual survey of mycotoxin in feed in 2023 Taiwan - Second Half
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Introduction: Measuring the level of PCV2 virus and/or the level of IgG/IgM in blood samples can be used to assess if pigs are infected or not during the later stages of fattening. The purpose of this case study was to investigate if PCV2-virus is detected or serologically active in fattening herds with pigs vaccinated at 4 weeks (± 7 days) of age with Porcilis® PCV, CircoFLEX, Circovac or Suvaxyn PCV. Materials and Methods: In seventeen herds...
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Introduction: In this study, we compared the production performance of PCV2 vaccinated animals in terms of weight gain, average daily gain and mortality in two commercial farms. One farm vaccinated with Circovac (Merial Animal Health) and the other with Fostera PCV (Zoetis Animal Health) at 3 weeks of age. Both of these vaccination programs were compared against Porcilis® PCV (MSD Animal Health). The farms, which are located in the northern part of Luzon, use...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered the most important viral disease of intensive swine production because of the severe economic losses associated with it. Generally, the disease causes reproductive failure characterized by infertility, mummifications, abortions, still-births and birth of weak piglets in sows, and respiratory distress in piglets and growing pigs. There are several studies on the occurrence of PRRS in pig herds in...
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Introduction: Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS) is a clinical sign of Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD). PDNS is characterized by purple skin lesions with black center, fever, and lethargy, mostly affecting fattening pigs between 12-16 wks old. Vaccination is one of the tools to handle PCV2 and PDNS. This case report illustrates the real situation in pig farm in Thailand that suffered from PDNS for years and how the farm changed vaccination program...
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