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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
1. Introduction to ASF and Current Disease Situation in Asia African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II, following its emergence and rapid spread in China in 2018, poses a critical threat due to its high fatality rate in infected pigs (domestic and wild). Since then, outbreaks in 19 countries within this region have been reported to the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) as of July 2024 (Figure 1). The social, health, and economic impacts on communities due to ASF...
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Introduction: PRRSv is a primary pathogen causing PRDC. But PRRSv can be controlled by piglet vaccination. To get the best result, the interval between vaccination and infection should be 4 to 5 weeks. The purpose of this study is to obtain a PRRS noninfection period for 4 weeks after vaccination by partial depopulation of the nursery and to evaluate the efficacy of an additional PRRS vaccination of piglets to control PRRS for the whole production...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunogenicity of WGV1014 (KCTC 12784BP) by analyzing PRRSV-specific Ab titer and VN titer after challenge. Materials and Methods: Animal. A total of 12 pigs, 3 weeks of age from a pig farm were used in the study. All pigs were confirmed to be free of PRRSV infections by use of IDEXX PRRSV X3 and VeTekTM PRRSV Detection kit. All groups of pigs were inoculated by IM route. Group 1 (n=3), 2 (n=3) and...
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Introduction: In many cases, vaccination against PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is done around weaning when piglets have to cope with many stressors. The pig’s performance around weaning is critical for the later performance and the degree of variability after weaning has a substantial impact on the variability at the end of finishing. The objective of this trial was to determine whether the negative impact of a vaccine on the weight gain shortly after...
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Introduction: The interpretation of the ELISA or PCR results for PCV2 detection is often difficult. The aim of the study was to compare PCV2 seroconversion, viremia, shedding in feces and presence in oral fluid in three Polish farms. Materials and Methods: The serum, feces and oral fluid samples were obtained from two, two site farms with low level of biosecurity and hygiene (farm 1 and farm 2), and from one farrow-to-finish farm with very high...
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Introduction: Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) was first identified in Canada in the mid-90’s. Since then, it evolved to the worst disease of modern swine industry as a complex of PCV2 diseases i.e. Porcine Circovirus (associated) Diseases (PCV(A)D). It is now present in all parts of the world. PMWS is characterized by a sudden wasting in weaners. Later PCVD is more often seen in the finishers and as a reproductive problem. The aim of the present paper is...
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Introduction: PRRS has a significant economic impact on the Chinese swine industry. Since high swine farm density and a lot of constrains to controlling PRRS, elimination wild type PRRSV (WT-PRRSV) is very hard in China. Some farmers used repopulation and depopulation successfully eliminated WTPRRSV, but this method is very costly. We report here on the successful elimination of WT-PRRS virus from a 1500 sow farrow-to-finish production system easily to...
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Introduction: A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of 1-7-4 emerged in North Carolina in 2014. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PRRS 1-7-4 in previously positive sow herds versus naïve sow herds using sow performance data. Materials and Methods: Sixteen sow farms diagnosed with PRRS 1-7-4 over a 10-week period during spring 2015 were selected. Prior to PRRS 1-7-4...
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Biodegradation of Mycotoxins: A Biotechnological Innovation for Safe Animal Feed
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Introduction: Portugal is a country in south-west Europe where PRRSv strains affecting swine are mainly from the European type. Most of PRRS vaccines used have European strains. During late 2014 and 2015, we recorded 18 new cases of confirmed American type PRRSv (AS-PRRS), in farms previously positive for European type PRRSv (EU-PRRS) and vaccinated against European strains. All affected farms showed reproductive symptoms in sows and respiratory symptoms in nursery and...
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Introduction: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and co-infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) plays a primary role in the porcine respiratory disease complex. Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been proposed as suitable veterinary biomarkers to monitor welfare, and inflammatory response. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP) has recently been postulated as a potential biomarker use for vaccine safety studies and the measurement of haptoglobin (Hp) may be...
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Introduction: PCV2 infections can play an important role in swine respiratory disease. A feasible way of screening for PCV2 infections at herd level is cross-sectional blood sampling and qPCR analysis on pools of serum samples. The present study describes the results from VirusCheck, a service tool that includes herd information and serological investigation for PCV2. Materials and Methods: For each herd (n=146), blood samples were collected from pigs...
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Introduction: Swine influenza is a worldwide appearing pathogen which causes important losses in swine production. The disease is characterized by sudden onset, coughing, dyspnea and fever. Apart from these clinical signs, swine influenza can also result (directly or indirectly) in abortion, fetal death or other reproductive disorders. Since 2009, the subtype pdmH1N1(2009) has been isolated with an increasing prevalence in pigs worldwide, likely indicating that this subtype has...
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Introduction: In 2010, three outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in South Korea. Among these outbreaks, the largest occurred from November 2010 to April 2011 and induced 153 total cases occurring in both cattle and pigs. During this outbreak, a nationwide vaccination policy was enforced and carried out in susceptible animals, including pigs. However, local reactions at the injection site were present after vaccination. Even now, these local reactions are...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two combinations of vaccines against PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( M hyo ) under Brazilian field conditions. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in a farrow-to-finish farm located in Minas-Gerais province, with a history of clinical PCVD and enzootic pneumonia during growing/finishing, and lack of homogeneity at slaughter time. A group of 896...
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Introduction: Swine erysipelas (SE) is one of the diseases of greatest prevalence and economic importance in pork production. A protective role of specific antibodies against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the causative agent of SE, has long been suggested. Mass vaccination against SE is the most commonly used approach to control SE, which relies heavily on the development of a strong herd immunity. Despite the efficacy of existing vaccines, inadequate...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an economically devastating enteric disease characterized by vomit and diarrhea. Currentcontrol method including oral administration with PED infected intestine has been used with some degree of success. However, this management protocol provide potential risk of pathogen recontamination into the herd. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine, RNA (Harrisvaccines , IA, USA) is the first USDA conditionally licensed PEDV...
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Biodegradation of Mycotoxins: A Biotechnological Innovation for Safe Animal Feed
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by PEDV infection inflicts severe damages to swine industry. Though several attenuated strains such as CV777 and SM98 were used to vaccine production, recently field isolated strains were different from vaccine strains genetically as well as serologically. Recent PEDV isolates in Asia and USA show more contagious and more severe mortality than previous PEDV. Continuous vaccine strain development is essential for effective PEDV...
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Introduction: Based on serological studies, it is assumed that PCV2 is ubiquitous in the pig industry across the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit of PCV2 piglet vaccination on ADG and mortality rate from weaning to slaughter in a herd subclinically infected with PCV2. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a farrow to finish farm located in Brittany, France, positive for PRRSv, PCV2, APP, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,...
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Introduction: The main impact of Porcine Epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus is high mortality in piglets between birth and weaning and as a consequence pig producers have serious economic losses. Since 2014, Mexico has been positive to PED virus as diagnosed by the PCR test. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two vaccines against PED (manufactured by ZoetisTM and Harrisvaccines TM respectively) compared to no...
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Introduction: Lawsonia intracellularis (L.i.) is the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). PPE is a relevant economic enteric disease that causes diarrhea and reduces weight gain in growing pigs (1). The subclinical form produces as well a negative impact on performance and farm economics. L.i is endemic in most of the Spanish farms (2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Enterisol® Ileitis (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica...
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