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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction: Vaccination against Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae (M.Hyo) are applied round weaning. This is a critical period for this reason is very important applying vaccines that do not hinder adaptation to this new situation. The acute phase proteins (APPs) in serum have been proposed as suitable veterinary biomarkers to monitor the stress and the inflammatory response, which makes APPs notable parameters for the global assessment of pig welfare. The...
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Introduction: In utero infection of piglets with PCV2 may serve as a potential source of PCV2 vertical transmission to the offspring1. This infection might make newborn pigs more susceptible to co-infections with other pathogens and therefore may be associated with PCVAD in the growing pig2. It has been shown before that Ingelvac CircoFLEX® is safe when used in sows 3. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and viral load of PCV2 viremia in pre-suckle...
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Introduction: Immuno-modulation of pig immune response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) infection has been reported, particularly the inhibition of interferon-g (IFN-g) and increasing the number of interleukin10 (IL-10) producing cells. Thus, one of the strategies in controlling the immune-modulation of PRRSv is to vaccinate piglets for PRRS immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune response using serum...
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Introduction: Recently a new live attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine became commercially available on the European market (Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU, Boehringer Ingelheim). This vaccine is based on a genotype 1 subtype 1 strain. Subtype 1 strains cause reproductive disorders in breeders and limited respiratory problems in young pigs. In 2013, a more pathogenic genotype 1, subtype 1 strain was isolated from weaned pigs showing respiratory...
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Introduction: The role of PRRSV minor glycoproteins in the induction of a protective immune response is an area of PRRSV research that may have an impact on vaccine development. GP2, GP3, and GP4 form a trimer on the surface of the virion and it has been demonstrated that GP2 and GP4 interact with the CD163 receptor on host cells, and because of the trimer formation, GP3 may be interacting with the receptor as well. Previous work by many laboratories has shown minimal...
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1. Introduction Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the genus Circovirus within the family Circoviridae. It is a small, non-enveloped virus containing a circular single-stranded DNA genome of approximately 1.7 kb. To date, nine PCV2 genotypes, designated PCV2a to PCV2i, have been described worldwide. The genotype distribution of PCV2 has changed over time: PCV2a was initially the most common genotype but was surpassed by PCV2b following its expansion in several regions,...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be devastating to breeding herds, due to losses resulting from reproductive failure as well as delayed return to estrus. Additionally, piglets born to affected dams suffer from increased weakness at birth, poor growth performance, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, as well as higher pre-weaning mortality. Vaccination prior to breeding is considered to be of value for decreasing these...
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Introduction: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRSV) was first isolated in Thailand in 1996 from suckling and nursery pigs. A modified live PRRSV vaccine is an efficient and effective tool to decrease the mortality rate and increase nursery and growing-finishing pig performance. The PRRSV modified live virus vaccine belonging to the US genotype was registered and its use became common practice in Thai commercial swine herds in 2007. The objective of this field...
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Introduction: In South Korea, type 2 PRRSV has evolved continuously and has been subsequently characterized into at least four lineages, ever since the infection by this PRRSV genotype was first described in 1993[1]. Recently, it was revealed that type 1 PRRSV to be not only widely distributed in South Korea but also divided into three genetic clusters based on phylogenetic analysis [2]. Martínez-Lobo et al.[3] emonstrated that pigs infected with the type 2 PRRSV...
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Implications Immunocastration of entire male pigs can lead to an increase in fat deposition following the administration of the second vaccine dose, depending on the immunocastration protocol applied. However, its effect on bone traits remains unknown. This work shows that the immunocastration vaccine, whether administered early or late, does not appear to affect the bone morphological characteristics of the pigs. Optimising the timing of the second vaccine administration could...
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Technical Advances in Vitamin Physical Properties and Premix Performance
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Introduction: PRRSv continues to challenge pig producers in Thailand and many countries. Herd closure associated with exposure to live attenuated vaccine to stabilize herd is the common practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the 2 different PRRS control strategies and its impact on sow performance in the breeding herd. Materials and Methods: The observation of this retrospective study was conducted in 3,500 sows, farrow to finish herd in a...
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Introduction: The intranasal administration is a routine way for administering vaccines to young pigs. There is a need for better administration devices that enable a consistent dispersion of the products in the upper respiratory tract. Materials and Methods: Ten 3-5 healthy pigs were used to investigate the distribution of a blue dye (McCormick® Bright Blue Food Color) given intranasally either by normal syringe or a nozzle that has been tailor...
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How Artificial Intelligence Reduces Costs in Agribusiness Production Management
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Introduction: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are of high economic impact in the swine industry. To select a vaccination scheme against both pathogens, the following points will be taken into consideration by the veterinarians and the farmers: efficacy, safety, ease of use. The aim of this side by side study was to compare the impact of 3 vaccination programs on piglet’s performance shortly after vaccination and at...
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Introduction: It is necessary to evaluate emerging PCV2 isolates in both control and clinical cases in order to determine the importance and impact of novel mutations. The primary objective of this study was to identify PCV2 isolates in herds where production performance was meeting the system’s expectations, no clinical PCVAD signs were apparent, and the organization was satisfied with the vaccine. Materials and Methods: Farms (n=48, 10 unique systems)...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a sub-unit PEDV vaccine (Harris Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine, RNA®) in an endemically infected breeding herd that had experienced elevated pre-weaning mortality (40-60%) for 26 weeks. Materials and Methods: On May 4, 2014 a 2,500 head breeding farm reported watery diarrhea and vomiting in 7-day-old piglets. Samples were negative for TGE, but positive for PEDV by PCR. Sequencing...
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Introduction: Streptococcus suis infections have a huge impact on animal welfare and economical performance in pig farms. Furthermore, they hinder the restrictive use of antimicrobials (AMB) because oral treatment is an important tool to control the disease. Epidemiological studies have shown a high level of diversity in S. suis serotypes (st) between geographical regions and within farms. This has hampered the development and availability of effective...
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Introduction: Pig herds are frequently infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Infections are mostly subclinical and difficult to control with the currently available control measures. Vaccination might be effective to control Salmonella infections at farm level and hence be a promising tool to reduce the risk for human salmonellosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, five different vaccination strategies (1. vaccination of sows; 2....
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Introduction: Salmonella Typhimurium has been a constant problem on a 1,000 sow unit from birth to bacon. Clinical signs included scour, ill thrift and high mortality during the first 8 weeks post-weaning. Acidification of diets and the use of antibiotics has been the traditional approach for controlling clinical signs of disease. Since the introduction of new genetics in 2014 and PRRSv (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory virus) in 2015, there has been an increase in...
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Practical AMINONIR® Application: From sampling to economic benefits
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Introduction: PCVAD is considered to be an economically important disease because of high mortality and morbidity. Ninety seven percent of Korean swine farms vaccinated against PCV2 in 2013. However various PCV2 vaccines show differences in efficacy and safety. The objective of this study was to determine whether the change of a PCV2 vaccine can have an effect on mortality. Materials and Methods: The field observation was conducted on a farrow to finish farm...
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Introduction: PCVAD is considered to be an economically important disease. In Korea, most swine farms can control PCVAD by vaccination against PCV2. PCV2 vaccines have been developed by several global and local (Korean) animal health companies. However, the different PCV2 vaccines show differences in efficacy and safety (da Silva N., 2014). Vaccine efficacy, safety and return of investment are the most important criteria for to the selection of a vaccine. The purpose of this...
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