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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction: Streptococcus suis infections have a huge impact on animal welfare and economical performance in pig farms. Furthermore, they hinder the restrictive use of antimicrobials (AMB) because oral treatment is an important tool to control the disease. Epidemiological studies have shown a high level of diversity in S. suis serotypes (st) between geographical regions and within farms. This has hampered the development and availability of effective...
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Introduction: Pig herds are frequently infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Infections are mostly subclinical and difficult to control with the currently available control measures. Vaccination might be effective to control Salmonella infections at farm level and hence be a promising tool to reduce the risk for human salmonellosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, five different vaccination strategies (1. vaccination of sows; 2....
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Introduction: Salmonella Typhimurium has been a constant problem on a 1,000 sow unit from birth to bacon. Clinical signs included scour, ill thrift and high mortality during the first 8 weeks post-weaning. Acidification of diets and the use of antibiotics has been the traditional approach for controlling clinical signs of disease. Since the introduction of new genetics in 2014 and PRRSv (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory virus) in 2015, there has been an increase in...
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Introduction: PCVAD is considered to be an economically important disease because of high mortality and morbidity. Ninety seven percent of Korean swine farms vaccinated against PCV2 in 2013. However various PCV2 vaccines show differences in efficacy and safety. The objective of this study was to determine whether the change of a PCV2 vaccine can have an effect on mortality. Materials and Methods: The field observation was conducted on a farrow to finish farm...
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Introduction: PCVAD is considered to be an economically important disease. In Korea, most swine farms can control PCVAD by vaccination against PCV2. PCV2 vaccines have been developed by several global and local (Korean) animal health companies. However, the different PCV2 vaccines show differences in efficacy and safety (da Silva N., 2014). Vaccine efficacy, safety and return of investment are the most important criteria for to the selection of a vaccine. The purpose of this...
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Introduction: Different strategies have been described to stabilize a farm after a PRRSv outbreak, with vaccination being a very effective one. This experience describes how correct use of MLV PRRS vaccination (Porcilis® PRRS, MSD AH) in sows and piglets, combined with biosecurity and management, achieves stabilization of a closed herd after a PRRSv outbreak without depopulation. Materials and Methods: The events occurred in a PRRS(-) closed 500...
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1 Introduction More than 30 years after its emergence, the Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains one of the leading causes of economic losses and mortality in the global swine industry. For both PRRSV species, PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, infection of pregnant sows has been shown to cause abortions, fetal mummifications and stillbirths (1). Furthermore, infection of sows in late pregnancy can result in vertical transmission and the birth of viremic piglets that...
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Introduction: PRRSV outbreaks have recently been described in several boar studs in Germany, though only a few farrowing farms have observed clinical signs. In the present study, 14 farrowing farms with different vaccination schemes were included that reported severe clinical infection after insemination with PRRSV-contaminated semen. For these 14 farms, the PRRSV infection status was recorded one year after the initial outbreak, taking into account their vaccination...
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Introduction: Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (HP-PRRS) is currently widespread in China and several Southeast Asian countries. Management, biosecurity and vaccination have been used to encountered with PRRS virus outbreaks. However, immune evasion strategies and various antigenic heterogeneities of the causative viruses could hamper those strategies. Nowadays, successful controlling procedures are still limitED. One of the alternative ways to...
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Introduction: High mortalities are sometimes observed in pigs exposed to PRRSv, even when vaccination is administered. Vaccination protocols at only half the label dose of modified live PRRS vaccine are used infrequently in the field to reduce production costs. Half dosing PRRS vaccine may lead to more variation in the protective immune response to field virus PRRS infections when faced with highly pathogenic strains and/or early exposure compared to a full dose of modified live...
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Interaction effects of feeding Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 in weaned piglets
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Introduction: A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of 1-7-4 emerged in North Carolina in 2014. The highly virulent nature of the virus was evidenced by a wide-ranging loss of production in breeding herds regardless of prior PRRS immune status. Mitigation of risks associated with introduction of PRRS naïve replacement gilts into a breeding herd has been attempted with vaccination or intentional...
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Introduction: Vaccination is one of the effective methods to control boar from PRRSV infection in China. But, many people are hesitant to vaccinate boars because they worried vaccination could affect boar semen quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a PRRS modified live vaccine (Ingelvac® PRRS MLV) on boar semen quality to provide a reference basis for PRRS boar vaccination. Materials and Methods: The trial was carried out in...
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Introduction: Because of presumed side effects, Dutch farmers are often unwilling to vaccinate sows in first month and in the last weeks of gestation. In 2015 a new PRRS vaccine for sows is introduced for the Dutch market (ReproCyc® PRRS EU, Boehringer Ingelheim), which is recommended to use in 3 to 4 mass vaccinations of the sows per year. This is an evaluation of adverse reactions after mass vaccination of sows with ReproCyc PRRS EU under field...
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Introduction: A 3000 sow SPF GGP farm was infected by PRRS virus in August 2014 with severe clinical signs. The eradication process has started in 3 months. Materials and Methods: The eradication has been done by herd closure on the sow farm and partial depopulation on the rearing farm. Strong internal biosecurity measures were introduced on the farm. The farm started 3-week batch system to help clear the virus from the farrowing rooms and to make AIAO in the...
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1. Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild suids caused by a large double-stranded DNA virus, African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASFV is the only member of the Asfarviridae family and only members of the Suidae family are susceptible to ASFV, which has no zoonotic potential [1,2]. Virulent strains of ASFV can kill domestic pigs within about 5–14 days of infection, with a mortality rate approaching 100% [3]....
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1. Introduction to ASF and Current Disease Situation in Asia African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II, following its emergence and rapid spread in China in 2018, poses a critical threat due to its high fatality rate in infected pigs (domestic and wild). Since then, outbreaks in 19 countries within this region have been reported to the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) as of July 2024 (Figure 1). The social, health, and economic impacts on communities due to ASF...
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Introduction: PRRSv is a primary pathogen causing PRDC. But PRRSv can be controlled by piglet vaccination. To get the best result, the interval between vaccination and infection should be 4 to 5 weeks. The purpose of this study is to obtain a PRRS noninfection period for 4 weeks after vaccination by partial depopulation of the nursery and to evaluate the efficacy of an additional PRRS vaccination of piglets to control PRRS for the whole production...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunogenicity of WGV1014 (KCTC 12784BP) by analyzing PRRSV-specific Ab titer and VN titer after challenge. Materials and Methods: Animal. A total of 12 pigs, 3 weeks of age from a pig farm were used in the study. All pigs were confirmed to be free of PRRSV infections by use of IDEXX PRRSV X3 and VeTekTM PRRSV Detection kit. All groups of pigs were inoculated by IM route. Group 1 (n=3), 2 (n=3) and...
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Introduction: In many cases, vaccination against PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is done around weaning when piglets have to cope with many stressors. The pig’s performance around weaning is critical for the later performance and the degree of variability after weaning has a substantial impact on the variability at the end of finishing. The objective of this trial was to determine whether the negative impact of a vaccine on the weight gain shortly after...
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Introduction: The interpretation of the ELISA or PCR results for PCV2 detection is often difficult. The aim of the study was to compare PCV2 seroconversion, viremia, shedding in feces and presence in oral fluid in three Polish farms. Materials and Methods: The serum, feces and oral fluid samples were obtained from two, two site farms with low level of biosecurity and hygiene (farm 1 and farm 2), and from one farrow-to-finish farm with very high...
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