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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(APP) is an important pig pathogen, which is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a high contagious respiratory infection. The Apx toxins are species specific and all field strains produce these toxins. Apx toxin is consist of virulence domain A subunit and cell binding domain B subunit. Protein transduction domains (PTD) are small peptides able to carry proteins, peptides, nucleic acid, and nanoparticles, including...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important animal virus that causes reproductive failure and respiratory track illness in pigs. Current inactivated vaccines have low efficacy and/or complicated time-consuming production procedure requiring application of hazardous reactants such as formaldehyde or binary ethylenimine. Here, we studied the possibility of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a suitable...
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Introduction: Most common influenza A virus (IAV) control measures include sow vaccination using prefarrow, mass or a combination of prefarrow and mass vaccination protocols with either commercial, autogenous or both vaccines. Piglets prior to wean are important in the maintenance of influenza infections in breeding herds as well as in the dissemination of the virus into wean-to-finish facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sow vaccination...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating viral disease affecting swine industry worldwide. Innate immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection varies among pig breeds. Elucidating the role of host genetics in the variation of PRRSV vaccine responsiveness may lead to characterize the host immunocompetence and thereby resistance to PRRS. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the breed difference in innate immune response to...
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CreAMINO® improves growth performance and carcass quality of finisher pigs
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Introduction: The object was to determine if Zoetis’ conditionally licensed PEDV vaccine will enhance immunity in animals that were exposed to wild PEDV virus approximately 18 months prior. Materials and Methods: This project was performed from 7/20-9/8 2015 at a 2,200 sow breed-to-wean site that broke with PEDV in February 2014. The enrolled sows farrowed in August 2015 which is approximately 18 months post-infection. The study’s protocol used...
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Introduction: PRRS and CSFV vaccine are both widely used in China. Most of time they will be vaccinated on piglets apart 2 weeks. Studies have shown that vaccinating CSFV vaccine 2 days after PRRS vaccination will reduce CSFV immunity response.From our farm routine antibody monitor program, we found CSFV antibody positive rate always low(< 30%), so we designed to investigate if vaccinated piglets CSFV vaccine 2 weeks after PRRS vaccination still influence CSFV antibody...
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Cordyceps militaris hot water extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in porcine alveolar macrophages by regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
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Introduction: Intradermal (i.d.) application of vaccines offers an improved hygienic standard compared to intramuscular (i.m.) injection. While previous studies confirmed similar immune responses in animals vaccinated i.d. and i.m., studies on consequences on animal behaviour are still lacking. Therefore, this study evaluated welfare aspects of i.d. and i.m. vaccination in suckling piglets. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three batches in a...
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Introduction: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is a Coronavirus infecting pigs globally but most especially in Asia1,2,3. The outbreaks have been causing problems in Philippine commercial farms. This field trial was conducted to confirm the efficacy of a Modified Live PED Vaccine (Enterisol® PED) in a commercial farm under field conditions. Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted in a 500-sow farrow to finish farm in the North part of the...
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Introduction: PrimePac PRRS™ is a newly introduced modified life PRRS Type II vaccine that can be administered either intradermally (ID) with the IDAL device or intramuscularly (IM). The objective of this study was to evaluate duration of immunity of this vaccine via both administration routes in SPF piglets vaccinated at 2 weeks of age and challenged with a virulent PRRSv strain 23 weeks later. Materials and Methods: Two-week old piglets were vaccinated...
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Introduction: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) may cause significant losses in pig herds due to pre-weaning mortality and reduced performance in growing pigs. In Belgium, the virus is widespread and endemic in most herds. An earlier trial showed that infection of PRRSv mainly occurs near the end of nursery (8-12 weeks of age (w)). PRRSv vaccines are effective under experimental conditions, but sometimes fail to cover the field expectations. Sow...
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Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important infectious agent because of its impact on production and zoonotic potential. Vaccination effectiveness to control the disease is debatable in part due to the constant genetic change of this RNA virus. The goal of this case report is to summarize the protocol and results of herd closure, autogenous whole-herd vaccination and nursery depopulation to eliminate IAV from three 5.000-sows herds. Materials and...
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Introduction: Improvac® (Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ, USA; marketed as Innosure® in Colombia) is an anti-GnRF vaccine for the immunological castration (IC) of male pigs for the control of boar taint. However, there is very limited information available about the effects of IC on female pigs by temporal suppression of estrus. The objective of this study was to compare performance and carcass quality of immunocastrated vs. normally maturing females raised in a...
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Introduction: Vaccination against circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( M.hyo ) is done round weaning, which is one of the most stressful events in the pig’s life. Therefore, vaccination should not contribute to compromised well-being to this new situation. Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been proposed as suitable biomarkers to monitor stress, for detection of inflammation and for monitoring the well-being of pigs. The aims of this study...
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Introduction: Improvest® (Zoetis, also known as Improvac) is an anti-GnRF vaccine for the immunological castration of male pigs for the control of boar taint. However, there is limited information on the impact of timing of 2nd Improvest dose relative to the time of harvest on growth and carcass parameters. The objective of this study was to compare different times of the 2nd on the performance of immunological-castrates (IC) relative to physical-castrates (PC) and...
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CreAMINO® improves growth performance and carcass quality of finisher pigs
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Introduction: Pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Ap) results in significant losses in the pig industry worldwide. Besides acute outbreaks of respiratory disease, deaths, increased antibiotic usage, condemned carcasses and lower animal welfare, there are also subclinical manifestations in an infected herd. The consequences may be a lower average daily weight gain (ADG), a higher feed conversion rate (FCR) and a high level of chronic...
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Introduction: Local reactions are possible side effects after vaccination in animals. In the case of live viral vaccines, local reactions are mostly small and transient, whereas in the case of inactivated vaccines local reactions are often more pronounced. These effects are due to the use of adjuvants in inactivated products. Depending on the adjuvant type, local inflammatory reactions at the injection site are common but vary in extent. In Europe the safety of...
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Cordyceps militaris hot water extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in porcine alveolar macrophages by regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
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Introduction: WGV0917(KCTC 12783BP), WGV1014(KCTC 12784BP), and WGV1107(KCTC 12785BP) were originally isolated from neonatal piglets that were shown typical PRRSV infected symptoms. These strains had genetically characterized the NA (WGV0917 and WGV1014) and EU (WGV1107) strains and culturally passaged on PAM cells for adaptation and MARC-145 cells for attenuation. This study was to compare their immunogenicity of attenuated virulent PRRSV NA and EU strains with Ingelvac...
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Introduction: PRDC is regarded as one of the most serious problems in worldwide swine production recently. There are many pathogens involved in PRDC such as PRRSV, PCV2, SIV, MH, HPS, APP, and PM etc. PRRSV among them could cause disease on its own, and cause immunosuppression of infected pigs, resulting in increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection. The main purpose of this study was to reduce mortality and to increase performance using Ingelvac PRRS MLV in...
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Introduction: Nowadays, many vaccination programs have to be implemented in sows. Firstly, reduction of injections by administering vaccines simultaneously can improve both animal welfare and the farmer’s labour efficiency. Secondly, these combinations must be safe and effective, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) being the institution responsible for guaranteeing the efficacy of these mixtures. The purpose of this study was to assess the inuse stability of the...
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Introduction: Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a disease which has a significant impact on the global pig industry. The objective of this work is to develop and validate an experimental challenge model for PRRSV to facilitate the efficacy testing of novel vaccines and therapeutics. Materials and Methods: A total of 23, seven week (+ 1 week) old piglets (PRRSV antibody negative) were included on the study. On arrival the...
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