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Swine vaccines
Vaccinations are available for a number of diseases that affect swine. In some cases vaccination constitutes the major part of the control of the disease. In many other cases it is only a small part of the control program. Vaccination programs need to be tailored to each swine operation. Remember that vaccination only raises a pig's level of resistance. If other important management procedures are neglected, even this elevated level of resistance may be inadequate to prevent disease.
Vaccines must be stored and administered according to label directions if they are to be effective. Slaughter withdrawal time must be observed at all times to avoid illegal residues. The most common times for administering many vaccines are before breeding and before farrowing. This protects the sow and passes antibodies to the piglets for their protection.
Introduction The controversy that disease was transmitted by invisible life forms stretches back centuries dating to Aristotle (300BC) who believed that all life originated from soil and Virgil (40BC) who believed that bees came from honey and maggots originated from warm meat. It was Spallanzani who showed that no maggots arose from boiled meat while others showed that simple cotton filters could prevent spontaneous generation of life from warm meat. The...
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The Pasteurellaceae family and its importance in pig production The Pasteurellaceae family is comprised of a group of Gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria that inhabit the respiratory, oral or gastrointestinal tracts of different animal species and can cause a wide range of infectious diseases in animals and humans. The family includes at least three important and well-characterized bacterial genera; namely, Pasteurella ,...
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Feed Conversion Ratio: Unveiling the Secrets of Sustainable Livestock Production
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Dr. Chris Chase (South Dakota University) discussed what to do in a pandemic situation and how to apply this knowledge to pig production, during this Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Erysipelas is a contagious infectious disease of pigs caused by the bacterium Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The Swine Erysipelas is an actual disease, as reported Schwarts (AASV 2002) with the increase of cases at the University of Iowa, with economic impact in the herd losses may include loss of death (1%) - $ 2.50dls/hembra; treatment cost $ 1/hembra; abortion (4%) - $ 5dls/hembra for a total of $ 10dls/hembra. Also in the growth stage - complete the death loss (3%) - $ 2.50dls; treatment...
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Optimal tryptophan: lysine Ratio for 25-40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles
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By Jordan Bartel/NC State Veterinary Medicine
We know a lot about antimicrobial resistance, but understand even less.
We know how it moves across farms, between animals, people and borders, and we also know how to track it. We know it doesn’t discriminate, impacting wealthy cities and impoverished nations, and we don’t have a universal approach to stop it. We know how we can eliminate using certain antibiotics that contribute to resistance,...
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1. Updates on BVDV Infection in Swine Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an infection caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), belonging to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, with single-stranded positive polarity RNA [1]. Viruses belonging to the Pestivirus genus infect hosts of several animal species and include viral agents of great impact for animal production [2,3]. The Pestivirus species have been recently named from A to K and, among them, the Pestivirus A...
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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae possessing 8 negative sense single-stranded RNA segments and classified in subtypes based on the antigenicity of their surface glycoproteins: 18 subtypes for hemagglutinin (HA) and 11 subtypes for neuraminidase (NA). IAV can infect birds and several mammalian species, including human and swine. Pigs have an important role in the ecology of IAV, since they can become infected with both human and avian strains. Co-infection...
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1. Introduction Salmonella is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic and coincident food-borne pathogens worldwide and therefore one of the main causes of food-borne diseases in humans, especially caused by the serovars Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium [1,2]. At European the level, no significant increase or decrease in the number of human salmonellosis cases has been observed over the last years (2013–2017) [2]. In 2017, the declining trend of human...
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Feed Conversion Ratio: Unveiling the Secrets of Sustainable Livestock Production
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1. Introduction Streptococcus suis is considered one of the most important bacterial swine pathogens leading to important economic losses to the porcine industry worldwide. S. suis has been reported globally in both traditional and intensive swine operations [1]. Control is based on an alarming overuse of antimicrobials, leading to a dramatic increase of the risk related to antimicrobial resistance. It is also an agent of disease in humans and considered in most OECD...
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Introduction & objective: Post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhea (PWD), also called post-weaning enteric colibacillosis, in pigs remains a major cause of economic losses for the pig industry, due to either piglet death, or poor weight gain in surviving piglets [1,2]. PWD typically causes mild to severe watery diarrhea between 5 and 10 days after weaning and is primarily caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The most common adhesins found on ETEC from PWD in pigs are...
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Optimal tryptophan: lysine Ratio for 25-40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles
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Alan Young (Medgene Labs) spoke on outbreak responses, as well as vaccination programs and development, during 2019 NIAA Annual Conference: Animal Agriculture - Innovation, Technology and Consumer Engagement in Des Moines, Iowa, USA....
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Sarah Tomlinson (USDA) gave an overview of the process, during 2019 NIAA Annual Conference: Animal Agriculture - Innovation, Technology and Consumer Engagement in Des Moines, Iowa, USA....
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Dear Users, This is an interesting forum from our Spanish community, generated by Santiago Cabrera from Ecuador: What would be the picture of vaccination to immunize pregnant sows in order that the piglets at birth, are immune to various diseases that attack them?? For example on my farm I have problems Colibacillosis and pneumonia. What do you think?? ...
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Introduction Antimicrobial resistance and its potential transmission from animals to man has become a major issue, both politically and scientifically and is leading to greater controls, both in Europe and North America in particular, on how we use antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary medicine. There is deep and sincere concern expressed by the medical profession about the worsening antimicrobial resistance situation in man and the potential that agricultural/ veterinary...
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Introduction There are two basic principles underlying the possible success of a vaccination strategy against viral diseases. On the one hand, a reasonable cause–effect relationship must be recognized between a virus agent and an infectious disease or an infectious syndrome, fulfilling whenever possible Koch’s postulates. On the other hand, having defined an etiological agent, a protective immune response must be generated after vaccination...
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Feed Conversion Ratio: Unveiling the Secrets of Sustainable Livestock Production
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Introduction Antimicrobial resistance and its potential transmission from animals to man has become a major issue, both politically and scientifically and is leading to greater controls, both in North America and Europe, on how we use antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary medicine. There is deep and sincere concern expressed by the medical profession about the worsening antimicrobial resistance situation in man and the potential that agricultural/veterinary use of...
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Introduction Prior to the recognition that pigs and other livestock species can be reservoirs of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [1], S. aureus was considered a relatively unimportant organism in swine. Mounting concerns regarding the occupational and public health implications of MRSA in livestock populations have stimulated research of MRSA in animals, and particularly pigs, in many...
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