Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites. Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc. How to tell that a pig is in bad health: General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig. Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin. Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is characterized as highly contagious and severe digestive failure in domestic pigs. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) population is considered as reservoir of several viral pathogen such as CSFV, ASFV, ADV, PCV, HEV, and PRRSV. Nevertheless, there were no reports on the prevalence and reservoir of PEDV in wild boar population. Therefore, we investigated the presence of the PEDV in the fecal samples of wild boar population during...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious enteric viral disease in swine. In 2013, the disease has emerged and reemerged in American and Asian countries, and caused severe economic loss in affected farms. The clinical signs of PED were observed in infected pig by vomiting, severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high morbidity and mortality, especially for suckling pigs. Since December 2013, the epidemic situation of diarrhea in the...
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The True Future of the Agribusiness and Livestock Sector in 2026
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Introduction: Porcine rotavirus (PRV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus belonging to the genus Rotavirus and family Rotaviridae. Rotavirus genome has 11 segments which encode 6 nonstructure proteins (NSP1,2,3,4,5,6) and 6 structure proteins (VP1,2,3,4,6,7). Virion has three layers. The outer most layer comprise of VP4 and VP7 which are necessary for virus entry. The middle layer is VP6 protein, the most abundant and conserve structure protein. Base on the antigenicity and...
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Introduction: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmitted by mosquitoes is caused reproductive failure in pregnant sow and the encephalitis in human. Therefore, it has been known as zoonosis. There are several methods to detect antibodies against JEV. These methods include hemagglutination inhibition (HI), viral neutralization test (VN), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HI test is considered the standard method...
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Veterinary APIs Market Update: Price Trends & Key Insights – February 2025
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Introduction: A new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (NNPDS) unresponsive to traditional prophylaxis and treatment has been reported from a number of European countries during the last years. However, the aetiology of this condition remains uncertain. This study aimed at describing the intestinal virome of piglets with neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology by the use of viral metagenomics in an effort to discern a possible viral involvement. Materials and...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a devastating enteric disease, caused by PED virus (PEDV), a RNA virus in genus Alphacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae. At present, the disease causes severe economic losses worldwide. Following an outbreak, oral administration of all sows in the herd with minced intestine (intestinal feedback) of PEDV infected pigs are suggested and the sow herd will produce healthy pigs within 2-4 weeks post exposure. The lactogenic immunity of...
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Introduction: Apart from ill-thrift, arthritis in suckling piglets contributes to losses and increased labour and use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to analyse genetic disposition for developing arthritis or not. Materials and Methods: During two and a half year, all pigs at the research station at Lövsta, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, with 110 sows were studied, i.e. 6,787 liveborn piglets, boars (1 Duroc, D ; 42...
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Introduction: The urgency to address antibiotic resistance in human medicine is echoed among health groups at globally. ABU in all arenas (human, food animal, companion animal, aquaculture, agriculture) contributes to the phenomenon of resistance, albeit with variable clinical consequences. Improving antibiotic stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to combat the emergence of clinical resistance, and measurement of both ABU and resistance is needed. In most countries, current...
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Introduction: Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), also known as ileitis, is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis . Pigs with subclinical PPE have no specific clinical signs, but their production performance is decreased during the growth and fattening period due to a reduced nutrient absorption by immature enterocytes in the small intestine. The majority of cobalamin (vitamin B12), which plays an important role in amino...
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1. Introduction The swine industry faces numerous sanitary and environmental challenges that can significantly affect pig health and productivity (Le Floc’h et al., 2021; Gomes et al., 2023). These challenges include infectious diseases, environmental stressors, and management practices that can result in the overactivation of the immune system and oxidative stress in pigs (Pluske et al., 2018). Various challenge models have been employed to simulate commercial stress...
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Antibacterial activity of Bacillus species-derived surfactin on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens (Extract)
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Scientific rationale and the value of synergistic blends WHY SCIENCE MATTERS MORE THAN “NATURAL” CLAIMS? Pig production is undergoing a structural shift driven by antimicrobial-resistance concerns and stricter stewardship expectations. In the European Union, antibiotic growth promoters have been banned for years, and therapeutic use is increasingly controlled while prophylactic is no longer allowed. Producers are therefore expected to maintain performance and...
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Anita Menconi, Regional Business Director for Specialty Nutrition, Americas at Evonik, shares her perspective on how specialty nutrition will support animal health and performance toward 2026. She also addresses how nutrition and gut health solutions can help maintain productivity as antibiotic use in animal production continues to decline. ...
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Growth performance of pigs (6-25 kg) fed diets supplemented with DL-methionine or liquid MHA-FA under commercial conditions in Mexico
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Introduction: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are of high economic impact in the swine industry. To select a vaccination scheme against both pathogens, the following points will be taken into consideration by the veterinarians and the farmers: efficacy, safety, ease of use. The aim of this side by side study was to compare the impact of 3 vaccination programs on piglet’s performance shortly after vaccination and at...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a sub-unit PEDV vaccine (Harris Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine, RNA®) in an endemically infected breeding herd that had experienced elevated pre-weaning mortality (40-60%) for 26 weeks. Materials and Methods: On May 4, 2014 a 2,500 head breeding farm reported watery diarrhea and vomiting in 7-day-old piglets. Samples were negative for TGE, but positive for PEDV by PCR. Sequencing...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the family Coronaviridae that causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydratation. PEDV can infect pigs of any age, however high mortality rates are commonly observed in newborn piglets. This virus was first observed in Belgium in 1971, and during the next few years PEDV spread across the Europe. By 2013 disease was believed to be restricted to Asian countries. However, later that year some outbreaks of...
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) continues to inflict substantial economic losses on pig-producing countries worldwide by causing severe diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in newborn piglets. Its rapid fecal–oral transmission and ability to spread explosively within and between farms make it both...
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The question of where pig welfare should be by 2025 is intertwined with the broader question of what does a healthy future for the pig sector look like. As regards welfare the EU pig sector needs to respond to the recognition by the EU Treaty that animals are “sentient beings” and that “full regard” must be paid to their welfare requirements. Globally, the pig sector should respect the OIE Guiding principles for animal welfare ; these stress that...
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Introduction: The report describes a sudden outbreak of disease in suckling piglets associated to S. suis in a high-health herd where S. suis had never previously been demonstrated. Materials and Methods: The high health herd was established by purchase from two SPF herds in 2002-2003, and had since been self-recruting. New genes were introduced by AI. The farm was declared free from PRRS, APP, SEP, AD, SIV, B. hyodysenteriae ,...
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The True Future of the Agribusiness and Livestock Sector in 2026
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Introduction: Pre-weaning piglet mortality is an important economic and welfare problem in commercial pig industry and is mainly due to an energy deficit. Management strategies, such as energy supplementation to neonatal piglets, are needed to reduce pre-weaning mortality. Energy supplements may provide directly energy to neonatal piglets as well as improve their colostrum intake. In practice, energy supplementation can be easily implemented in the farrowing management....
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Introduction: Yersinia enterocolitica infection in pigs has several implications as an enteropathogen of pigs and humans, and as a cause of false-positive serological reactions (FPSR) in tests for brucellosis (international trade implications). Swine are the primary reservoir of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica , although environmental survival may also be important. Few studies focused on the dynamics of infection at farm level. In pigs, Y....
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