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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
Introduction: Pig herds are frequently infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Infections are mostly subclinical and difficult to control with the currently available control measures. Vaccination might be effective to control Salmonella infections at farm level and hence be a promising tool to reduce the risk for human salmonellosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, five different vaccination strategies (1. vaccination of sows; 2....
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Introduction: Pork and pork products are recognised as vehicles of Salmonella Typhimurium ( S . Typhimurium) infection in humans. In recent years, galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and seaweed extracts (SWE) have been explored as novel sources of bioactive compounds that contain antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. The main bioactives in seaweed are the polysaccharides laminarin and fucoidan, which have antimicrobial, prebiotic and anti-inflammatory...
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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Introduction: Salmonella Typhimurium has been a constant problem on a 1,000 sow unit from birth to bacon. Clinical signs included scour, ill thrift and high mortality during the first 8 weeks post-weaning. Acidification of diets and the use of antibiotics has been the traditional approach for controlling clinical signs of disease. Since the introduction of new genetics in 2014 and PRRSv (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory virus) in 2015, there has been an increase in...
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Introduction: A 3-year-old Landrace boar with a bilateral swelling of the scrotum was submitted to the Swine clinic in August. History reported a period of hyperthermia, anorexia, depression and weight loss in May. Recovery was obtained after a treatment based on antibiotic (lincomycin and ceftiofur) and anti-inflammatory (steroid) medication injections. In July, the boar fell down after a supervised natural mating. Materials and Methods: The present...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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Introduction: Leptin is the hormone produced in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue. Concentration of leptin in blood serum is correlated with thickness of backfat. It was confirmed that sows with higher leptin concentration show heat faster after weaning. To properly choose sows for mating, it is necessary to determine their body condition. It could be done using BCS (subjective method) or USG (objective method). In the literature breeding condition is described as...
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Influenza A virus (IAV) reassortment is a major driver for virus diversification that facilitates the emergence of novel viruses that cause zoonotic infections and even influenza pandemics (1–3). Differing from genetic drift that gradually accumulates point mutations on the virus genome during replication, reassortment is more efficient at modifying the virus’s genetic components and expedites virus evolution by swapping intact gene segments between multiple viruses during...
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Within the digestive system, the liver is the primary organ for nutrient transformation and distribution, as well as the elimination and excretion of metabolites. The quality of nutrition has a direct impact on liver health, as the liver performs vital functions. A balanced diet supports liver function and prevents diseases. In contrast, imbalanced or contaminated diets can damage the liver, increasing the risk of diseases. ...
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Respiratory diseases hurt swine operations on both the input and output side of the equation: feed costs rise as performance plummets. New research suggests that by using soybean meal, you can mitigate these challenges as a cost-effective tool for maintaining pig health and performance during outbreaks. Respiratory Diseases Present Challenges When pigs are infected with respiratory diseases such as swine respiratory disease (SRD) and porcine...
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This article explores the alarming link between swine manure management practices — specifically pit/lagoon agitation and emptying — and the occurrence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) outbreaks.
The study, conducted between July 2019 and June 2020 and collecting data from 150 affected sow farms, demonstrates a definitive temporal relationship between these practices and the probability of reporting a PRRS outbreak. Authors Carles Vilalta,...
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a highly challenging and complex viral disease that severely affects both the reproductive and respiratory systems of pigs. PRRS leads to significant economic losses in pig industries worldwide due to decreased productivity, increased mortality, and costly control...
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Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to genus alphacoronavirus. The disease, PED, which causes high mortality rates in newborn piglets, is characterized by acute vomiting and watery diarrhea. During late 2010 in China and Southeast Aisa, several PEDV strains were initially isolated. Subsequently, the disease was pandemic in several provinces neighboring Zhejiang and later in United States in 2013. It aroused our great interest to analyze the reasons...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) can decrease growth and cause infertility and abortion in adult pigs. This study was conducted to further understand the risk associated with PRRS transmission/movement at the lairage facility. Materials and Methods: A contact model for the unloading dock was employed using a 68L plastic tub. The model dock was contaminated with a mixture of 1L of PRRS and PEDV-negative manure and...
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Effects of Dietary Protein Content and Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation Patterns on Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Raised Under Different Sanitary Conditions
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Introduction: PRRSV outbreaks have recently been described in several boar studs in Germany, though only a few farrowing farms have observed clinical signs. In the present study, 14 farrowing farms with different vaccination schemes were included that reported severe clinical infection after insemination with PRRSV-contaminated semen. For these 14 farms, the PRRSV infection status was recorded one year after the initial outbreak, taking into account their vaccination...
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Introduction: An atypical and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRS) variant has occurred in China and Southeast Asia. This disease was characterized by a high fever of above 41˚C, anorexia, red discoloration of the ears (blue ear) and high mortality in pigs of all ages. Recently, it has reported that macrolide antibiotics may have an anti-viral effect on PRRSV. We previously demonstrated that the macrolide antibiotic, tylvalosin...
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Introduction: The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) is a disease endemic on most porcine herds causing significant economic impact in the pig sector. Two genotypes were identified nearly simultaneously in Europe and the USA with antigenic differences that lead to two distinct genotypes: the European type (genotype 1) and the North American type (genotype 2). Materials and Methods: The PRRSv infection status has been followed...
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Introduction: High mortalities are sometimes observed in pigs exposed to PRRSv, even when vaccination is administered. Vaccination protocols at only half the label dose of modified live PRRS vaccine are used infrequently in the field to reduce production costs. Half dosing PRRS vaccine may lead to more variation in the protective immune response to field virus PRRS infections when faced with highly pathogenic strains and/or early exposure compared to a full dose of modified live...
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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Introduction: Influenza A viruses (IAV) periodically transmit between pigs, people, and birds. If two IAV strains infect the same host, genes can reassort to generate progeny virus with potential to be more infectious or avoid immunity. Pigs pose a risk for such reassortment. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are a global health concern due to the high human case fatality rate observed with specific H5 lineages, such as the Euro-African lineage H5N1 that...
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A review by F.P. Bortolozzo, M.B. Menegat, A.P.G. Mellagi, M.L. Bernardi, and I. Wentz, published in Reproduction in Domestic Animals (Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2015, 50, Suppl. 2, 80–84), examines new strategies to improve the efficiency of artificial insemination in swine. The primary goal is to reduce the number of sperm cells required per insemination dose while maintaining high reproductive performance, a key factor in optimizing the use of high-genetic-merit...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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Introduction: Because of presumed side effects, Dutch farmers are often unwilling to vaccinate sows in first month and in the last weeks of gestation. In 2015 a new PRRS vaccine for sows is introduced for the Dutch market (ReproCyc® PRRS EU, Boehringer Ingelheim), which is recommended to use in 3 to 4 mass vaccinations of the sows per year. This is an evaluation of adverse reactions after mass vaccination of sows with ReproCyc PRRS EU under field...
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Introduction: A 3000 sow SPF GGP farm was infected by PRRS virus in August 2014 with severe clinical signs. The eradication process has started in 3 months. Materials and Methods: The eradication has been done by herd closure on the sow farm and partial depopulation on the rearing farm. Strong internal biosecurity measures were introduced on the farm. The farm started 3-week batch system to help clear the virus from the farrowing rooms and to make AIAO in the...
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