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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
Introduction
Talk about traditional bacteria in pigs, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) will be among the first ones to be mentioned. The “tradition” of this microorganism may be based on the fact that it has been recognized as a swine-specific pathogen for more than five decades, that it is prevalent in most areas where pigs are raised, and that it is common to accept its circulation in pig herds....
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Introduction
An important work function for the practicing veterinarian is to solve various problems in swine herds. Diagnostics and making a diagnosis are an important part of solving a problem.
The diagnosis is central for describing the problem, identifying the problem and, finally, making a change that will hopefully lead to the problem being solved.
A diagnosis can either be made for individual animals or,...
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Introduction Resilience was historically ignored in commercial swine breeding programs. One reason was that breeding companies need to supply high health animals to the commercial sector of the swine industry. Nucleus herds needed to be naïve or at least negative for major diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumonaie , and other major diseases....
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One of the most common issues in modern pig production systems worldwide is the presence of gastric ulcers. Mortality as high as 1% can be attributed to gastric ulcers in grow-finish pigs and sows, although ulcers impact pigs at every stage of production. (Can Vet J. et al., 2002) How can producers, feed specialists and veterinarians help pigs experiencing gastric ulcers? The answer may include feeding plasma derived functional proteins to light weight and at-risk pigs either by mixing...
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Please would you help me with a problem of vomiting in pregnant sows? They vomit after eating. Also two males vomited blood. Any idea? Napoleon Sotomayor Pichincha, Ecuador Asistencia Técnica Agropecuaria/S&S
(This question was taken from the Spanish community and translated into English) ...
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INTRODUCTION In 2016, 63% of U.S. market hog sales originated in Iowa and the surrounding six states (USDA, 2017). While Midwest swine production is in a unique position of being favorably located geographically, such density increases the risk of disease transmission among farms. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ( PRRSV) is the costliest disease facing pig producers. Holtkamp et al. (2013) estimated annual losses of 664 million U.S. dollar...
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Representatives from ABPA, ABCS, ABEGS and Embrapa will actively participate in promoting IPVS Rio de Janeiro
Aiming to make the connection between science and market,...
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I would like to know what to do to the sow, it is 90 days pregnant and does not eat, drinks a little. ...
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My pregnant pig is not eating. What would be the cause? ...
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Introduction Coccidiosis is an infectious disease of the intestinal tract of wild and domestic animals caused by different protozoa. These include but are not limited to Isospora, Neospora, Cryptosporidium, and Eimeria of the phylum Apicomplexa. Those parasites are widespread, especially where intensive production systems are used to raise livestock. They cause mortality, poor growth, and impaired performance. In addition to mortality and reduced growth, coccidiosis also affects...
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In the last 10 years, Clostridium difficile has been implicated as a major cause of neonatal diarrhea in pigs.1 Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) typically affects piglets ranging in age from 1 to 7 days. Clinical signs of CDI include diarrhea, abdominal distention, and scrotal edema, with most of the pathology being attributed to toxins A and B. 2 The prevalence of C difficile is widespread in the United States and has been referred to as the most important uncontrolled cause...
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Anyone knows what are the most common causes for mastitis? What treatment should I start on affected sows? Is it a bad milk for the piglets? Thanks for helping. Roberta ...
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1. Introduction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is an important disease in swine industry. The disease has become endemic in many countries throughout the world following an epidemic phase. It is caused by infection with the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), a small single-stranded, non-segmented RNA virus [1]. The virus is enveloped, spherical and ranges in size from 45 to 80 nm in diameter. PRRSV is differentiated into two genetically...
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1. Introduction Classical swine fever (CSF) remains a highly relevant disease in swine, causing major losses to the industry which are related to various forms of disease [1]. CSF has been eradicated in the US and Western Europe and remains endemic in several countries, including Asia, Central and South America, and Eastern Europe, with a recent outbreak being reported in Japan [2]. The disease is caused by the CSF virus (CSFV), a positive stranded RNA virus that belongs to the...
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Introduction Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are the two most abundant minerals in the body of the pig and are required for many important physiological functions (Oster et al., 2016). The vast majority of Ca—about 99%—is not only present in skeletal tissues (Nielson, 1972), but it also fulfills other very important roles involving blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contractility, and fluid balance, to name a few (Pravina et al., 2013). In contrast,...
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Dr. Chris Chase (South Dakota University) discussed what to do in a pandemic situation and how to apply this knowledge to pig production, during this Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Dr. Flaviana Gottardo and Dr. Annalisa Scollo (University of Padova, Italy) gave practical recommendations for producers on this issue during this Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Trey Kellner (Swine Nutritionist at AMVC) will talk about pros and cons, as well as the conditions needed, during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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1. Introduction Creatinine (2-amino-1-methyl-2-imidazoline-4-one) is the final metabolism product of creatine in mammals [1], which is excreted exclusively by the kidneys via glomerular filtration and, to a lesser extent, by tubular secretion [2]. Under physiological conditions, its excretion throughout the day is relatively constant, the amount of creatinine produced is proportional to the muscle mass of the individuals [3]. In contrast, urine production depends on the...
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Erysipelas is a contagious infectious disease of pigs caused by the bacterium Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The Swine Erysipelas is an actual disease, as reported Schwarts (AASV 2002) with the increase of cases at the University of Iowa, with economic impact in the herd losses may include loss of death (1%) - $ 2.50dls/hembra; treatment cost $ 1/hembra; abortion (4%) - $ 5dls/hembra for a total of $ 10dls/hembra. Also in the growth stage - complete the death loss (3%) - $ 2.50dls; treatment...
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