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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major human and animal health problem that is linked with antimicrobial usage. Given current knowledge of the problems caused by AMR in humans and animals, it is important to explore the reasons for differing levels of antimicrobial use in Irish pig production and assess its impact on animal health and performance. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire including 90 questions on different aspects of pig...
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Introduction: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( App ) and Haemophilus parasuis ( Hps ) are fastidious bacterial species commonly isolated in clinical specimens from pigs. App is associated with necrotizing pneumonia and Hps with polyserositis, arthritis and meningitis in pigs. The treatment has traditionally involved using beta-lactam antibiotics, to which the isolates of both pathogens have been almost universally...
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Fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets
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Introduction: Staphylococci are a major disease burden for animals and humans. In swine, Staphylococcus hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) which is characterized by skin lesions and a greasy exudate. Outbreaks of this disease can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Swine are also common carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and, although this agent poses little threat to swine, its zoonotic potential is...
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Introduction: The objective of this study is the characterization of antimicrobial sensitivity of 9 Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona isolates. Leptospira not only represents a risk to human health, but the study of its susceptibility also lies on the development of its treatment and control in farms to reduce economic losses (e.g. piglets' abortion). Existing studies have used L. interrogans human isolates serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar...
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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Introduction: Although current evidence suggests a relatively low prevalence of MRSA in pigs in the USA, concerns remain about spread of multidrug resistance bacteria from the farm environment to swine workers and the wider community. The aim of this study was to characterize antibiotic resistance profiles of SA isolated from growing pigs in the USA. Materials and Methods: Twenty nasal swabs were collected from 36 growing pig sites in 11states in the USA,...
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Introduction: The local tolerance at injection site is an important parameter for animal welfare and to avoid lesions which may impair carcass quality. The aim of this study was to compare local tolerance of two injectable formulations marketed in Mexico, both containing 400 mg of florfenicol per mL. Materials and Methods: Fourteen healthy pigs of both sex weighing 82 kg in average were housed in individual pens and randomly allocated to 2 groups...
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Introduction: Respiratory infections remain a significant problem for the swine industry and result in substantial economic loss. Swine Respiratory Disease (SRD) is a complex condition involving viral agents and bacterial agents such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( App ), Haemophilus parasuis ( Hp ), Bordetella bronchiseptica ( Bb ) and Pasteurella multocida ( Pm ). The in vitro activity of...
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Introduction: Gamithromycin, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Zactran® 15% w/v gamithromycin injection from Merial, is a novel azalide antimicrobial developed for the treatment of swine respiratory disease. Gamithromycin is a 15-membered semi-synthetic macrolide with a uniquely positioned alkylated nitrogen at the 7a-position of the lactone ring. The PK properties and dose proportionality of gamithromycin in swine plasma were determined after a single...
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Effects of Dietary Protein Content and Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation Patterns on Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Raised Under Different Sanitary Conditions
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Introduction The link between diet and disease transmission has raised concerns that U.S. herds could become infected with foreign pathogens through contaminated feed and feed ingredients originating from countries with endemic disease and lax sanitation and quality assurance procedures. Experimental data has already demonstrated that some feed ingredients, particularly soy-based products, can support the viability of at least three significant viral pathogens of swine (i.e.,...
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In the countries with the higher levels of pig production, piglets are weaned 14 to 28 days after being born (Marion et al., 2002). As a result, piglets are lighter and the digestive system is less developed during weaning, particularly the gut. This renders these animals more susceptible to digestive problems in the post-weaning period (Reis et al., 2007). Besides its digestive functions, the gut of piglets forms a physical barrier that prevents toxic compounds and pathogens from...
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Fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets
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Introduction: To evaluate the effects of removing antibiotics (AB) from the diet of 1st and 2nd stage weaner pigs on the performance of negative behaviours. Materials and Methods: Weaned pigs in a total of 12 groups of 35 pigs each, had in-feed AB removed (NO; n=6) or maintained in the diet (AB; n=6). Groups were observed 1 day/wk between 0900 and 1300h for 3x5min periods each and all occurrences of fights, head knocks, tail, flank and ear biting...
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Introduction: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) has been reported to negatively modulate pig immune response, particularly the inhibition of interferon-g (IFN-g) and increasing the number of interleukin10 (IL-10) producing cells. Thus, one of the strategies in controlling the immune-modulation of PRRSv is to use immuno-enhancer for PRRS immune response. Sangrovit Extra ®, a plant extract from Macleaya cordata, mainly consists of isoquinoline...
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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Introduction: According to Danish regulations gilts and sows must be housed in groups from weaning until 7 days before expected farrowing. Mixing sows both after weaning and after mating may/will impair reproduction results and increase prevalence of lameness. A Danish study shows that approximately 90 % of medical treatments in gestation are attributed to lameness. The aim of the current study was to reduce the frequency of gilts and sows being treated for lameness in the...
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Introduction: Research has documented that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pain and pain related behaviors in piglets. The use of analgesics at the time of piglet processing increases the amount of piglet handling and injections as well as increases the labor for the producer. The ability to give an injection of an NSAID at the same time as an iron product (compounded) would help minimize animal handling and labor. The objective of this study was to...
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Introduction: Castration procedure is a painful method which reduces welfare and could reduce performance. Some trials demonstrated that meloxicam prior castration procedure in piglets could reduce acute pain decreasing behaviors relates to a lack of welfare. Any study using infrared thermography (IT) was found to evaluate the inflammatory process after castration procedure in piglets. This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory process using IT associated with behavior and...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of removing antibiotics (AB) from the diet of 1st and 2nd stage weaners on welfare indicators. Materials and Methods: The study involved a total of 12 pens of 35 pigs each where in-feed antibiotics were either removed (NO) or maintained in the diet (AB) during the 1st and 2nd weaner stages (9 weeks in total). Ten focal pigs were randomly selected from each group (AB, n = 60 and NO, n...
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Effects of Dietary Protein Content and Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation Patterns on Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Raised Under Different Sanitary Conditions
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Introduction Numerous reviews have been written to describe the specificities and advantages of the pig model in studies focusing on behavior, nutrition and neuroscience (Kornum and Knudsen, 2011, Roura et al., 2016, Val-Laillet, 2019). Besides the fact that the pig is an animal species of obvious interest in agriculture and human food production, it also has incomparable advantages when it comes to studying the consequences of the nutritional environments, diets or feed in...
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Marisol Castillo, PhD, Senior Manager, Global Swine Solutions at Novus International talks about The Scale Up™ program, nutritions solutions that maximize pounds of pork and each animal's genetic potential at every life stage.
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Fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets
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We have a small farm in Pa. USA and have had several instances in young pigs were the intestines have protruded from the rectum. What are the most likely causes and is there any thing that can be done to fix the problem once it happens short of slaughter? ...
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