Javier Pomiano

1. IntroductionCoccidiosis is a worldwide disease caused by the Apicomplexa protozoa of Genus Eimeria [1]. This parasitic disease causes economic losses in poultry industry due to malabsorption, reduced weight gain (explained by a reduced feed intake and as well as nutrient absorption), increased mortality and the use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines [2, 3] and remains as a major issue for poul ...

1. IntroductionMycotoxins are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced under appropriate humidity and temperature conditions by filamentous fungi that pose serious risks to animal and human health [1]. With over 300 types of mycotoxins identified to date, mycotoxins can accumulate in various feeds and foods and make agricultural products unfit for consumption [2]. However, many mycotoxi ...

Growth of the modern broiler is very adaptable to a vast range of diet nutrient densities, and so formulation matrices are greatly impacted by prevailing economic situations. The broiler still eats quite precisely to its energy needs and alters its feed intake in response to variable diet energy level. For example, 25-35d broilers can be fed diets a low as 2850 kcal/kg or as high as 3500 kcal/kg a ...

1. IntroductionInfluenza A virus (IAV) is an enveloped RNA virus, a member of the Orthomyxoviri dae family, and is known to infect humans, mammals, and birds [1]. The virus is subtyped based on the antigenic cross-reactivity and sequence identity of two surface glycoproteins, namely, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) [2]. Excluding the recently identified H17N10 and H18N11 in bats, 16 HA a ...

1. IntroductionThe misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock animals are primary drivers of antimicrobial resistance [1,2], which is projected to become the leading cause of global human mortality by 2050 [1]. Consequently, the subtherapeutic use of medically important antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in livestock has been banned in an increasing number of co ...