Negative energy balance Reproduction Dairy cows

Keeping in view the rise in demand of meat n milk every producer wants to have high milking animals however most of them forget that higher milk requires certain protocols to be observed constantly to maintain this yield level and general traits of animal productivity.
This article very rightly addresses the issue of maintaining higher productivity of high yielding animals. I congratulate the writers for this productive article for drawing attention of those dairy producers who always complain of observing productivity of high producing animals going down.The writer has pointed one important factor to maintain productivity of high yielding animals.

The artilce has reviewed the reproduction nutrition relationship in dairy cows. We have investigated this interaction in dairy buffaloes. Seasonality of reproduction is evident from the shortest postpartum ovulation interval noted during autumn with lowest incidence of silent ovulations. It coincided with the minimum intake of crude protein and maximum intake of metabolizable energy (ME). Photoperiod has a marked influence on buffalo reproduction in certain areas of the world, however in some tropical areas nearest to the equator the light seems to have a minimal or no effect on the reproductive cues however the nutrition and heat stress measured throughout temperature-humidity-indexes play an important role in the reproductive functions of buffaloes. Body condition score (BCS) has been used as a good indicator of energy status and the animals receiving more ME above requirements during prepartum period were able to maintain a relatively good BCS despite mobilization of body reserves. Concentrates supplementation raised milk progesterone levels (MPL) in high and low yielding buffaloes. Growth and development of follicles during periods of negative energy balance lead to impaired development of the CL and a reduction in progesterone secretion. MPL showed a pattern opposite to atmospheric temperature. It may be concluded that nutrition intervenes in reproductive functions at almost all stages and it also interacts with other environmental parameters. A proper strategy is needed to keep the animal productive, healthy and fertile with minimum input costs.

Negative energy balance has adverse effect on dairy animal performance in respect of milk production and in beef animals in weight gain.Buffaloes particularly in our area Faisalabad,pakistan are not receiving balanced ration, they are only manage on traditional feeding methods which are not balanced faced sever engery deficit.they are at negative energy balance.this techical article gives a valuable information to control these nutrional related problems.

The artical strenthens the establshed fact that energy balance is must for the commercial dairy production. In this respect management of dairy animals during dry period is very important. this part of animal management in 100[percent] cases is neglected in developing countries. Only lactating animals get feeding attention and dry animals survive on low quality feed resources. Normally a dairy animal needs around 140 MJ Energy daily but in developing countries only 60[percent] requirements are met. The result is short lactation length, bdoy depletion, low production and longer calving intervel. All these factors make commercial dairy farming a loosing enterprize.
Secondly, the nutrients requirement of buffalo and cattle ate not addressed separately. Both have different feeding requirements. The buffalo is yielding more energy in milk and her needs should be addressed differently than cattle.

A good dairy animal is always busy in production cycle if not lactating she is incalf so a good animal always needs supply of nutrients at a constant rate according to her needs.
Only an expert can formulate a nutrition program for dairy herd and should be consulted to avoid problems.

Its really nice that Engormix is putting such a nice and utility articles on its forums and negative energy balance such a thing which everybody dont understand after reading this article which is authentic in all the acpects it will be usefull for dairy farming industry and veterinary fretinity.

The performance of an animal especially a dairy depends on the reproduction performance,this is a very informative article providing amense of information regarding the management of reproductive system.
regards
Dr.Saadat Ali Changezi
D.V.M