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Poultry genetics and reproduction
Poultry breeding has been one of the most impactful advances in the last 100 years. The role that improved global production of eggs and poultry meat have in reducing global hunger and food insecurity is difficult to overstate. The vast majority of these improvements have come from genetic selection for improved feed efficiency, along with streamlining of the overall production system, and better understanding of poultry nutrition. While the industrial approach to poultry production has created a highly consistent and dependable food source the world over, several problems threaten the long term sustainability of this model - including musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders, welfare concerns, and the need to adapt to a changing climate. Researchers in poultry breeding and genetics utilize quantitative, population, and molecular genetic techniques to help understand the effects of selection for economically important traits and enhance genetic performance through changes in environment and management strategies.
Although plants and animals began to be acquired as domesticants nearly 10,000 years ago, it has only been the last 50 years in which animals have been intensively raised for food. In 1892 Wehman wrote “Poultry, to be successful on a large scale must be kept in small colonies of about 50 birds, for many more than that number in a single house is apt to cause sickness or disease ere long among”. Given the scale and concentration of the modern poultry industry, one must ponder whence we have...
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The United States Department of Agriculture has estimated that total production of processed broiler meat in 2006 will reach 57.8 million metric tons. Given a population of 6.5 billion, world average consumption will attain 8.9 kg per capita during the present year. A considerable range in consumption exists depending on the availability and cost of broiler meat and the proportion of the population that is qualified to purchase either domestic or imported product. Within nations,...
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Performance vs productivity The principal objective of any enterprise is to optimize profitability (return on investment) over the long term. Poultry production is highly competitive, dictating high efficiency of conversion of resources into salable products that are acceptable to consumers. The production of poultry meat and eggs is achieved in the context of either vertical or horizontal integration with the chain extending from primary breeding to point-of-sale (Laughlin,...
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As is well known, poultry production in the United States has increased in an almost linear fashion since the end of World War II. This development can be attributed to a number of factors, including intensive production of grain and oil seeds in the central part of the country, dramatic improvements in both genetics and...
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Introduction • After 25 years of experience in Latin America, the poultry field has a new point of view to give solutions…From the technical support to conventional management. • More, facing the new world order… The global Market and new tendencies. Competition, Smuggling and Dumping (import black...
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