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Artificial insemination in poultry
The use of artificial insemination in chickens, as in turkeys, can improve fertility; however, the cost of implementing AI on a large scale is often cost prohibitive. As managing commercial broiler breeders to maximize fertility becomes more challenging, the use of AI in commercial poultry operations is becoming more common and will likely continue. If costs go down, its commercial implementation will increase. Collecting semen from a chicken or turkey is done by stimulating the copulatory organ (the phallus) to protrude by massaging the abdomen and the back over the testes. This is followed quickly by pushing the tail anteriorly with one hand and, at the same time, using the thumb and forefinger of the same hand to apply pressure in the cloacal area to “milk” semen from the ducts of the phallus. The semen flow response is quicker and easier to stimulate in chickens than in turkeys. The semen may be collected with an aspirator (turkeys) or in a small tube or any cup-like container.
Artificial insemination is currently a necessary and exclusive means of breeding turkeys in large farms (Di Iorio et al., 2020; Slowinska et al., 2018). For optimal fertility outcomes, breeders must focus not only on the insemination itself, but also on the quality of collected semen. The culture medium is one of the main factors influencing semen quality and turkey spermatozoa in in vitro conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of selected additive substances with...
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Introduction The influence of seminal plasma on sperm storage may vary among species. Its removal is recommended in the majority of semen cryopreservation protocols of species such as caprine in order to ensure maximal sperm viability [1], but it isn’t entirely recommended in other mammals (e.g. ovine; [2]). Mammalian seminal plasma may contain factors that influence resistance of sperm to cold-shock damage and may prevent cryoinjury [3–5]. Conversely, detrimental...
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May 14, 2024
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I. INTRODUCTION Using AI, the services of a single superior male can be extended to a large number (more than 250) of females instead of 8 hens (natural mating). AI in avian species expresses better fertility than natural mating (Saeki and Nagomi, 1964, Mohan et al., 2016). AI increases overall fertility and hatchability with reduced cost of production per day old chick (Brillard, 2003). Adopting AI needs fewer males which saves feed, labour, space, maintenance and operating...
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INTRODUCTION Commercial poultry production is associated with a range of stresses, including environmental, technological (Surai and Fisinin, 2016a), nutritional, and internal/biological (Surai and Fisinin, 2016b) ones. It is believed that these stresses are responsible for decreased productive and reproductive performance of poultry (Surai, 2002), and, at the molecular level, most stresses are associated with oxidative stress and damage to important...
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Introduction Reproductive efficiency of roosters and the hens they mate determines the breeding flock fertility which is as important to the entrepreneur as the egg lay is (Akhlaghi et al., 2014). Fertility is essential to produce the maximum number of quality chicks per hen housed. Without producing fertile eggs, the best incubators and hatchery management procedures cannot produce chicks (Bramwell et al., 1996). Through intense genetic selection and improved nutritional...
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Artificial insemination (AI), the foundation of modern-day turkey breeding, was first developed in 1937 at the Bureau of Animal Industry (now the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture) by W. Burrows and J. Quinn. The procedure consists of two steps: first, the semen is collected from the tom and second, the semen is inseminated into the hen. What may transpire between collection and insemination, referred to as semen handling (semen transport, dilution, evaluation, and...
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The turkey industry has long taken advantage of the potential offered by artificial insemination, a strategic tool to select male and female lines, and also to optimize the production of broiler chicks. Indeed, artificial insemination in breeder turkeys has replaced natural mating for over 50 years as it virtually suppresses sexual behaviour constraints in the selection of male and female lines, facilitates high reproductive performance, and ultimately allows permanent optimization...
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When a problem occurs in hatchability, usually it can be categorized as a hatchery, egg handling, or breeder flock problem. If the problem has originated within the breeder flock, it is probable that it happened at least 6 weeks earlier, assuming 5 weeks of incubation and 1 week of egg storage. This delay in identifying a problem is costly and may even make it impossible to determine the cause if the effect is of short duration. It is necessary to identify the problem as early as...
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How can I have high fertility in young broiler breeder flocks (26-29wk)? ...
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Fertilization in commercial chickens is usually the result of natural mating. However, in some cases, artificial insemination is commonly practiced. The turkey industry especially depends on artificial insemination since natural mating is virtually impossible as a result of intense genetic selection for conformation and body weight.
The completed mating in chickens is the culmination of a sequence of behaviors. The rooster will initiate mating by exhibiting courtship behavior:...
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