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Swine influenza
Welcome to the page about Swine influenza of Engormix; a source of knowledge on Swine influenza.
Introduction Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant epidemics of respiratory disease in humans that result in human deaths and raise public health concerns that require a deeper understanding of IAV epidemiology and control. IAV is shared among animals and people and novel viruses capable of causing pandemics are the result of reassortant viruses from different species....
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Introduction Among all infectious agents, those transmitted through aerosols are the most difficult to control [1]. The speed of dispersion of airborne infectious agents makes them hard to contain and protect against, and the wide reach of susceptible hosts makes the control of airborne pathogens a priority for public and animal health officials. ...
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Introduction Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are Orthomixoviruses able to infect many animal species including birds, pigs and humans [1]. The segmented genome of IAVs allows the exchange of gene segments between IAVs during infection and replication [2] facilitating the emergence of novel IAV reassortants with pandemic potential. The 2009 pandemic IAV contained genes from swine...
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The A (H1N1) pdm09 influenza pandemic and, most recently, the A(H3N2) variant outbreak in several areas of the USA are examples of swine influenza viruses infecting humans. These cases highlight the need for reliable and rapid diagnostic tests to elucidate the epidemiology and evolution of swine influenza viruses (Smith and others 2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012a, b, c). Currently, there are numerous commercial kits based on...
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Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) is known to be a primary respiratory pathogen for swine inducing typical lung lesions. In Europe and in Italy subtypes H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 are almost endemic in many pig producing areas although with different prevalences in different countries in different times. In most of the cases SIV induces an acute infection of the respiratory tract whose consequences are depending on the “intrinsec pathogenicity/virulence” of a...
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Importance of studying transmission Infectious diseases continue to have considerable impact on the health and well-being of individual animals and populations and on profitability of individual farms. Most commonly, frequency is measured by evaluating prevalence of infectious agents or evidence of exposure to them. Under certain conditions, incidence could also be calculated. However, for infectious diseases, it is also...
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1 Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 2 University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 3 Pipestone Veterinary Clinic, Pipestone, Minnesota, United States of America Citation: Corzo CA, Culhane M, Dee S, Morrison RB, Torremorell M...
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Introduction Influenza A virus infections (flu) in swine cause respiratory disease and decreased growth performance (Olsen et al., 2006). Different studies have demonstrated that flu is widespread in swine throughout the world, and the constant risk of virus transmission, especially to humans (Maes et al., 2000; Jung et al., 2002; Hayden and Croisier, 2005; Maldonado et al., 2006; Myers et al., 2007; Poljak et al., 2008), calls for the need to...
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Introduction During the period of 1976-2007, 1.4 to 16.7 deaths per 100,000 persons were influenza-associated in the United States each year [1]. In addition to the significant mortality and morbidity associated with influenza virus in the human population, influenza A virus (IAV) is a common pathogen in many animal species, including pigs. Influenza virus has been considered widespread in the United States pig population since first described...
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*Harrisvaccines, Inc.; †AlphaVax, Inc; ‡Harrisvaccines Inc., Ames, IA; §University of Kentucky, Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center; #Alphavax Human Vaccines; **Alphavax; ††AlphaVax Human Vaccines; §§AlphaVax and ¶¶ Iowa State University Accepted October 29, 2009 Abstract ...
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Disease surveillance is supported by USAID's Emerging Pandemic Threats programme
FAO recently launched projects in four Asian countries to step up defenses against influenza by moving beyond a focus on domestic poultry to instead address a range of threats posed by the ever closer mingling of humans, wild...
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Introduction Influenza viruses are enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae . The genome of influenza A viruses consists of eight unique segments of single-stranded RNA, which are of negative polarity (Webster et al ., 1992). The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are very important for the induction of an antibody response in the host, but...
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The pandemic H1N1 influenza virus has been found for the first time in a commercial swine herd, Reuters has reported.
The affected herd was found in Indiana, according to the USDA who noted that both the pigs and their caretakers have fully recovered from the virus. USDA said the Indiana facility has continued its routine processing practices because it is safe for swine that recover...
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Department of Agriculture officials are encouraging monitoring and surveillance to mitigate the novel H1N1 virus' potential harm to U.S. swine herds.
But pork producers are submitting fewer influenza test samples to diagnostic laboratories, the chief veterinary officer for the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service said.
Dr. John R. Clifford, deputy administrator for Veterinary Services at USDA-APHIS, said Veterinary Services recently created guidelines on managing...
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The novel influenza A virus (H1N1) has been found in a pig herd in New South Wales, Australia, as a result of human-to-pig transmission.
In a press release, Australian Pork Limited (APL) CEO Andrew Spencer said, "This isolated incident is now being handled in accordance with exotic disease response procedures under the supervision of New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, with the health and wellbeing of the animals of paramount concern. We expect the...
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Preliminary results from three researches indicate that the novel influenza A virus (H1N1) is transmittable in swine populations, earlier Swine Influenza Virus immunity does not seem to protect against the virus, but the novel virus does not seem to affect any other tissue than the respiratory tract.
A British study, released in the end of May and, coordinated by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge, UK, found that the virus can be transmitted among pigs,...
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Argentinian authorities announced a national animal health alert as the influenza A (H1N1) virus had been detected on a second pig farm in the Buenos Aires province, Reuters reports.
"A state of alert doesn't mean there's high risk. It just means that the virus could appear in another farm,", commented Jorge Dillon, director of Senasa, the service for animal health and food safety in Argentina.
"This virus has pretty mild symptoms in pigs, and of course,...
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The effects of H1N1 swine flu have been investigated in a group of piglets. Scientists writing in BioMed Central's open access Virology Journal studied the pathology of the virus, finding that all infected animals showed flu-like symptoms between one and four days after infection and were shedding virus two days after infection.
Roongroje Thanawongnuwech led a team of researchers from Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, who infected 22-day old pigs with both the H1N1 strain...
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The Canadian Pork Council is assuring the public of the safety of pork following the discovery of H1N1 flu in an Alberta swine herd.
On Saturday the Canadian Food Inspection Agency announced an Alberta swine herd had been placed under quarantine following the discovery of H1N1 Influenza A in the herd.
The pigs are believed to have been exposed by a Canadian who recently returned from Mexico and had been exhibiting flu like symptoms.
Signs of illness were subsequently...
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