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Farrowing management
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Maternal investment, sow behavioural needs and criteria for housing design The reproductive strategy of producing large broods and smaller young, resulting in a higher mortality rate, fits the picture of domestic pigs remarkably well (reviewed by Drake et al. 2008). The average litter size in domestic sows is around 12 to 14 piglets, but litters of above 20 piglets are not uncommon even in gilts, although the number of functional teats is usually between 14...
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Márcio Gonçalves shares some insights about sow lactation feed intake in this Swine It video....
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Anyone knows what are the most common causes for mastitis? What treatment should I start on affected sows? Is it a bad milk for the piglets? Thanks for helping. Roberta ...
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Dr. Billy Flowers (NC State University) discusses reproductive management in depth during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Dr. Hyatt Frobose (Jyga Technologies) comments on renovations, regulations and farrowing crates, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Dr. Larry Rueff (Swine Veterinary Services) explains the percentage of treatment in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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1. Introduction Pain is a sensory and emotional experience that has significant effects on animal welfare, leading to a negative production impact [1]. The measurement of pain in animals is very complex, and it continues to be a critical issue in veterinary care and biomedical research [2]. Almost two hundred years ago, Darwin had already described the non-human animals’ capacity for expressing emotions such as pain through facial expression [3]. In the last...
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Introduction A successful gestation feeding program is one that yields a large, vigorous litter of pigs and a healthy sow equipped with adequate mammary development and body nutrient stores to produce large quantities of milk for the suckling litter. Variations in body size, productivity, and environmental conditions dictate different daily concentrations of nutrients to satisfy the sow’s requirement. Models have been developed for sow nutrient requirements in gestation...
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1. Introduction Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are small DNA viruses and have four representatives, PCV-1, PCV-2, PCV-3, and tentatively, PCV-4. PCV-1 is known as non-pathogenic for pigs [1], while PCV-2 has been associated with several conditions known as porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) [2]. PCVDs include PCV-2 systemic disease (PCV-2-SD), PCV-2 reproductive disease (PCV-2-RD), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and PCV-2 subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI) [2]....
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1. Introduction As advances in genetics [1–3], reproductive management [4], and nutrition [5,6] continue to increase the number of piglets a sow can produce per litter [7,8], it is important to consider the issues that are associated with larger litters, particularly surrounding piglets and pre-weaning survival. Issues surrounding large litters include the effects of intrauterine crowding and so birth weight variation, piglet hypoxia during delivery and litter-mate...
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1. Introduction The commercial US swine industry transitioned to stall farrowing in the 1960s as an effort to reduce pre-weaning piglet mortality [1]. Farrowing in stalls remains the most common indoor system in the US, making this an important area of research [2]. Compared to loose housing systems (pens), farrowing stalls have been shown to lower pre-weaning mortality (PWM) [3]. However, the national average PWM was 17.8% in 2017, demonstrating that the modern...
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The loss of baby pigs before weaning is an enormous waste of resources. Recent data from 49 Kentucky farrow-to-finish swine farms indicate that an average of 80 percent of pigs born alive survive to weaning. Most of these losses occur during the first 23 days following farrowing. Feed Quantity The survival rate of young pigs improves as birth weight increases. In addition, birth weights are partially dependent on the amount of feed consumed by the sow during gestation...
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Dear Users, This is an interesting forum from our Spanish community, generated by Santiago Cabrera from Ecuador: What would be the picture of vaccination to immunize pregnant sows in order that the piglets at birth, are immune to various diseases that attack them?? For example on my farm I have problems Colibacillosis and pneumonia. What do you think?? ...
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Introduction Lactogenesis is induced hormonally by a dramatic drop of progesterone (P4) concentrations which leads to a pre-partum peak of prolactin (PRL). In sows, impaired production of colostrum has been found to be related to a delay in the decrease of P4 concentrations during the pre-partum period. We assumed that this condition might affect also the quality of colostrum (IgG concentration). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between abnormally high P4 levels...
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Introduction The conventional management in the swine industry is for weaning to start the sow’s next reproductive cycle. However, breeding sows during lactation has been proposed as an alternative that may increase sow productivity. If sows conceive while lactating, farrowing interval and nonproductive days may be decreased, increasing the litters per sow per year. Early attempts to breed sows during lactation yielded inconsistent results (Crighton, 19701 ; Stevenson and...
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Background Directive 91/630/EEC sets the minimum standards for the protection of pigs in the EU. It has been substantially amended several times. Directive 2008/120/EC [1] collates the existing legislation into one document. The most important items in this Directive in relation to the welfare of pregnant sows pertain to the necessity of group housing from 4 weeks after service to one week before expected farrowing, available space, floor characteristics, handling of diseased...
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How would you feel if one day – seemingly out of the blue – someone took away your favorite beverage and replaced it with something they said was good for you? Would you scream frustration? Would you refuse to do anything? Would you sulk? If you said, “yes”, you agree with most weaning piglets: Change can be hard. The weaning period can be challenging for pigs and swine producers alike. The transition from sow’s milk to dry feed...
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If we want to maintain a prolific and productive herd, we must continue to prioritise the introduction of high genetic merit replacement gilts into our herd. Additionally we must manage and feed them correctly in order to maximise the prolificy of breeding herd and efficiency of feeding herd in the future.
The old adage “If it’s not broke, don’t fix it” is often bandied about in all...
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I have been reading some really good research lately, but something about it bothers me. I do understand that a lot of sows are culled before Third Parity, and that this is a good place to start with Sow Longevity. For me personally, five or six parities should be the average for all sows that have farrowed at least once. Good Sow Longevity in my mind is Parity 7 or 8 or more! Are you able to get good Piglet Birth Weights with today’s...
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