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Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa

Published: July 14, 2017
By: Niti Chuchird, Arunothai Keetanon, Cristina García-Diez, Álvaro Rodríguez Sánchez-Arévalo and Antonio Martínez
A phytobiotic was able to reduce Vibrio counts in intestine and hepatopancreas leading to an increase in survival and better health.
Shrimp farming is growing very fast in recent years, due to the high profit margins which present a good opportunity for those with interest in this sector. In Asia the production of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was more than 3 million tonnes in 2015 with a value of USD 14 billion (FAO Statistics, 2015).
Despite the efforts to produce specific pathogen free or SPF post larvae from hatcheries, farmers have to face continuous disease outbreaks along the production cycle. Pathogen free production does not exist as the pond ecosystem environment comes with high levels of bacteria and parasites. Some bacteria are needed for the culture while some are opportunistic. The balance between these pathogens is crucial in shrimp production, especially to avoid growth reduction and high mortalities. Even so, farmers are always exposed to the presence of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease/early mortality syndrome (AHPND/EMS), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and white faeces disease (WFS) disease.
Phytotherapy

Phytotherapy provides efficient solutions to the cultured animal helping them to fight against parasites, bacteria and/ or fungal pathogens. Preventive strategies together with best management are vital for better profitability and sustainable farm production. The continuous inclusion of phytobiotics in the feed produces healthier animals, with better immune system and growth performance. An experiment was carried out with the phytobiotic from Liptoaqua-Liptosa, Spain, made with organic acids, plants and essential oils in Kasetsart University for 60 days showed positive results in survival and growth in Pacific white shrimp. The study started with post larvae (PL10) transported from the hatchery and acclimated for 2 days in fiberglass tanks at the Aquaculture Business Research Centre (ABRC) laboratory. Nine fibreglass tanks (500 L) were used in this experiment and shrimp were stocked at a density of 80 shrimp/tank (120 PL/m2). Salinity during the acclimation period and experiment was maintained at 25 ppt.
Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa - Image 1Figure 1. The average survival rate of Pacific white shrimp at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of feeding with different diets.
The phytobiotic Liptofry shrimp was top dressed on a feed from Charoen Pokphand Thailand (CP) with 36% crude protein, 5% lipids and 4% ash then mixed with fish oil and allowed to dry for 15 minutes. Three experimental groups were prepared with three tanks per group:
• Control group (without Liptofry shrimp);
• Phytobiotic inclusion at 5 kg/tonne; and
• Phytobiotic inclusion at 8 kg/tonne

Growth and survival
Shrimp were fed four times daily to satiation according to standard feeding rate. Water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia and nitrite were measured weekly throughout the experiment period. At the end of the 60 day feeding trial, shrimp from all the groups were weighed. Growth and survival rates of shrimp were statistically compared. Five shrimp from each tank were sampled for total Vibrio spp counts in the hepatopancreas and intestine.

Our results showed that shrimp fed with the phytobiotic at the dose of 5 kg/tonne had the highest survival rate of 84.7±1.15%, which was significantly higher than the group fed with phytobiotic at 8 kg/tonne (78.7±1.15%) and the control group (76.7±1.15%) (P< 0.05, Figure 1).
Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa - Image 2
The average body weight (ABW) of shrimp is shown in Figure 2 while the food conversion ratio (FCR) of shrimp fed different diets is shown in Table 1. After the 60-day feeding trial, shrimp from the two groups fed with Liptofry shrimp had significantly higher (P< 0.05) body weight and FCR compared with the control group.
Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa - Image 3Figure 2. The ABW of Pacific white shrimp at 30, 45 and 60 days of feeding with different diets.
 
Table 1. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Pacific white shrimp after 60 days of feeding with different diets.
Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa - Image 4
Bacteria counts
The average total number of bacteria and Vibrio spp. in the intestine of shrimp throughout the study period is shown in Table 2. Shrimp fed with the phytobiotic at the dose of 5 and 8 kg/ tonne had significantly (P< 0.05) lower number of total bacteria and Vibrio spp compared with the control group over the 30 days until 60 days feeding period.

The average total number of bacteria and Vibrio spp. in the hepatopancreas of shrimp is shown in Table 3. Shrimp fed with the phytobiotic at the dose of 5 and 8 kg/tonne had significantly (P< 0.05) lower number of total bacteria and Vibrio spp compared with the control group over the 30 days until 60 days feeding period.
Table 2. Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in the intestine of Pacific white shrimp.
Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa - Image 5
Table 3. Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp.
Natural remedies against vibriosis in shrimp culture - Liptosa - Image 6
Conclusions
Liptofry shrimp at 5 kg/tonne showed significantly higher survival rate compared with the other treatment groups (10%). Irrespective of dose, the phytobiotic showed significantly higher average body weight and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control group. At 5 kg/tonne, the phytobiotic improved feed conversion ratio by 27% when compared to the control. The total number of bacteria and Vibrio spp. in shrimp fed with the phytobiotic was in all cases, significantly lower than the control group both in the intestine and in the hepatopancreas.
The continuous inclusion of Liptofry shrimp at 5 kg/tonne in the whole cycle can improve significantly the production parameters with reduced Vibriosis outbreaks.
This article was originally published in AQUA Culture Asia Pacific Magazine, July/August 2017
*Certain information associated with products, their composition and claims may be different depending on the geographical region and may not be applicable in all countries. Liptosa reserves the right to adapt to the requirements and legislation in each case.
The information and technical recommendations provided herein are based on Liptosa's current knowledge and experience.
Liptosa reserves the right to update the information and arguments contained in this platform, as well as to make any changes to this information or recommendation at any time, without prior or subsequent notice.

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Authors:
Antonio Martinez Sánchez
LIPTOSA
LIPTOSA
Álvaro Rodríguez Sánchez-Arévalo
LIPTOSA
LIPTOSA
Niti Chuchird
Kasetsart University
Kasetsart University
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Albert GJ Tacon, David Revilla
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Christopher Hettiarachchi
15 de julio de 2017
Christopher Hettiarachchi - Sri Lanka Good laboratory scale trial. It would be very interesting to know the cost benefit analysis when applying this product in commercial scale. Also, any idea of MIC break points of this product against the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND/EMS and pathogenic Vibrio species that cause WFS. This information could give some idea whether lessor doses (less than 5kg/ton) can be applied.
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Subashni Bhoopathy
17 de julio de 2017
Thanks Dr. Cristina
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Cristina Garcia Diez
Cristina Garcia Diez
17 de julio de 2017

Dear Subashni,

The MIC done at Kasetsart University showed a concentration of 10mg/ml at 10*6 CFU for V.parahaemolyticus white feces and EMS strains. Feed intake % was the same for the 3 batches. With phytobiotics not always the best dose is the higher. Plants can have a strong flavour and sometimes animals just reduce the intake because of that, that is why lower doses sometimes shows better results.

Despite we have not done toxicity analyses to this specific phytobiotic, from our experience we know we are far from the maximum level of toxicity. Of course, you can use doses below 3kg, as said, that depends on % feed intake, as well as on results you want to achieve, maybe you just want to use it as a growth promoter or as bactericidal or intermittently, etc. But our recommendation is 3-5kg/Mt at first instance.

For any more detail info please you can also contact me at Cristina.garcia@liptosa.com

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Subashni Bhoopathy
17 de julio de 2017
Dear Cristina Garcia Diez, How did you come up 3-5 kg/tonne value? Why should one not use less than 3 kg/ tonne? And since there is a decrease in the survival rate of shrimps on using 8 kg/tonne, can this phytobiotic be toxic? Did you analyse the toxicity of your compound?
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Álvaro Rodríguez Sánchez-Arévalo
LIPTOSA
LIPTOSA
17 de julio de 2017

Dera Dr. Christopher Hettiarachchi. Thanks for your comments.
Regarding your questions
Liptofry has a strong bacteriostatic power so is useful to reduce v. Parahemliticus concentration during clinical episodes.
Doses must be applied according to rate feeding.
Recommended doses 3-5 Kg/Mt feed .; other positives effects of Liptofry such as better growth appears in this range of use.
Regards.

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Cristina Garcia Diez
Cristina Garcia Diez
17 de julio de 2017

Dear Subashni Bhoopathy,
I Think Dr. Niti used fish oil to bind the feed with our phytobiotic.
About the FCR, these prebiotics are immunostimulants helping the animal grow better and more efficiently, the better health has the shrimp the better will eat, therefore nutrient absorption is more effective and so the animal grows faster, improving zootechnical parameters as FCR, ABW, SV.
Regards,

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Hoang Do Van
17 de julio de 2017
Hello Cristina, Thanks for your Information. When I finish my translation I will upload and sent it to your link. Regards,
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Subashni Bhoopathy
17 de julio de 2017
What binders have you used to reduce the leaching of phytobiotic? Also how can the reduction in FCR be interpreted on comparision to the control?
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Cristina Garcia Diez
Cristina Garcia Diez
17 de julio de 2017

Hello Hoang,

LIptosa is a Spanish manufacturer of additives phytobiotics and Liptoaqua is the aqua department. Our additives are natural growth promotors and immunostimulants working on gut health through prebiotics. We manufacture tailor made additives for each species and pathology. We have phytobiotics for fish and shrimp regarding the different pathologies: bacteria (gram + and -), intracellular parasites (gregarines) and ectoparasites( gill and skin such as monogenea, gyrodactilus, trichodinas...), etc.

Please, once you have the translation done and uploaded I would appreciate you send me the link to cristina.garcia@liptosa.com

Regards,

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Dr. Juan Battaglia Aljaro DMV  AB&T, Chile
Veterquimica
16 de julio de 2017
Felicidades Cristina....
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