Microbiome Modulation, Microbiome Protein Metabolism Index, and growth performance of broilers supplemented with a precision biotic

The objective of the present studies was to evaluate: (1) the in vivo impact of supplementation with a Precision Biotic (PB) on the growth performance and microbiome modulation of broiler chickens; (2) the modulation of functional pathways of the microbiome collected from animals with low and high body weight gain, and (3) to develop a Microbiome Protein Metabolism Index (MPMI) derived from gut metagenomic data to link microbial protein metabolism with performance. The in vivo work consisted of two experiments with two treatments: Control vs PB at 1.1 kg/MT of PB with 21 or 14 replicates of 40 birds per replicate, in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Growth performance was evaluated in both experiments, and from experiment 1, cecal samples from one bird/ replicate was collected on d 21 and 42 (n = 21/treatment) to evaluate the microbiome through whole genome sequencing. In the ex vivo assay, 6 cecal samples were collected from low body weight (BW) birds (at 10% below average), and 6 samples from high BW birds (at least 10% above average). The samples were incubated in the presence or absence of PB. After incubation, DNA was isolated to develop a functional genomic assay and the supernatant was separated to measure short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The MPMI is the sum of beneficial genes in the pathways related to protein metabolism. In the in vivo grow out experiments, it was observed that the supplementation improved the BW gain by 3% in both studies, and the corrected feed conversion ratio (cFCR) by 3.7 and 3.4% in studies 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.05). The functional microbiome analysis revealed that the PB shift the microbiome pathways towards a beneficial increase in protein utilization, as reflected by higher MPMI. In the ex vivo experiment, an increased abundance of genes related to the beneficial metabolism of protein (Quantitative MPMI) were observed in the PB treated microbiome, and the concentration of SCFA, regardless of the underline BW of the chickens. Taken together, the microbiome metabolic shift observed in the in vivo study that reflected higher MPMI, plus the observations from the ex vivo assay with increased SFCA production, may explain the improvement in growth performance obtained with the supplementation of PB.

Key Words: Broilers, microbiome metabolism, precision biotic, metagenome.