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Vitamins in swine nutrition
Vitamins are required for normal metabolism in physiological functions such as growth, development, maintenance, and reproduction. Some vitamins are produced by the pig in sufficient quantities to meet its needs while others are present in adequate amounts in feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets. However, several vitamins need to be added to swine diets in the form of a vitamin premix to avoid deficiency and obtain optimal performance.
Eleven vitamins are regularly added to swine diets because the natural ingredients commonly used in swine diets (cereal grain, soybean meal, etc.) are deficient. These vitamins can be divided into two groups, fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) and water soluble (riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, choline, biotin, vitamin B12, and folic acid). Several other vitamins function in the pig’s body including pyridoxine (B6), thiamine, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Vitamin needs are usually met by adding a commercial vitamin premix to the diet. Vitamin potency in feed and manufactured products will decrease with exposure to light, high humidity, heat, rancid fat, and oxygen.
Sixteen gilts were used to study the effect of Vitamin E supplementation on the onset of puberty, the duration and the degree of expression of the oestrous cycle in gilts. There was no variation (P>0.05) on the time of attainment of first oestrus following supplementation. The duration of oestrus was also not significantly different (P>0.05) in the experimental groups with an average of 21 days in all the groups. Vocalization and restlessness of the sows, swelling and redness of the vulva were...
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For sows to remain hyper-prolific throughout their lives and to maintain a high level of production it is important that their nutritional and metabolic needs are met at all stages of reproduction. It is known that nutrition, by influencing the endocrine and physiological status of the sow, affects both short- and long-term reproductive capacity. In terms of nutrition, major emphasis has been directed towards meeting energy, protein and amino acid...
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