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Introduction: Piglet mortality causes welfare challenges and economic losses in commercial pig production. Crushing is the most common cause of death, but as an empty stomach is frequently found in crushed piglets, starvation is often a precursor to be crushed. Piglets are born with a limited resource of energy in the form of glycogen and with very little body fat. Thus an abundant amount of sow colostrum and later sows milk is vital for the survival of the piglets. In...
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Introduction: Production diseases usually originate from a complex interaction of pathogens, animal genetics and environment. They compromise animal health and welfare, can reduce product quality and increase environmental footprint of pig production and the use of antimicrobials. Production diseases impact farm economy and can result in loss of revenues and extra production costs. However, very limited synthesis on economic impacts of production diseases is available. The goal...
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Introduction: Loose housing systems for sows may have increased the occurrence and importance of Ascaris suum. Anthelmintic treatments can result in resistance development. Therefore identification of risk factors and development of alternative control strategies is relevant. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with Ascaris suum egg counts in sows and gilts from intensive farms with loose housed sows. Materials and...
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Introduction: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes severe economical problems in livestock industry because of rapid spread and inducing low productivity. Thus, the administration of vaccines is a highly effective method for preventing FMD. In an effort to prevent and control FMD, Korea is currently implementing a vaccination policy. Despite all the hard work, Korea is suffering from recent FMD outbreaks of serotype O. FMD vaccines were evaluated characteristics, purity,...
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Introduction: In 2014 in North Carolina, anecdotal reports of a particularly virulent PRRSV isolate (RFLP cut pattern 1-7-4) were reported by practicing veterinarians. Reports indicated that the isolate was more transmissible, had higher levels of viremia for longer time periods and was more virulent in comparison to other circulating PRRSV strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate PRRS 1-7-4 isolates under experimental challenge conditions. Materials and...
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Introduction: Ulcerations in the skin of a pig may be painful and hamper the welfare of the animal if neglected. Serious and untreated ulcerations are reported to the police by veterinary enforcement officers, and often an examination carried out by a veterinary pathologist is requested. A retrospective study of forensic case files concerning ulcerations in Danish pigs from 2000 to 2014 was carried out. The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of cases, the number...
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Introduction: Straw is one of the most effective routing materials to reduce tail biting in pigs. A so called foraging-tower (FT) enables to provide only small quantities of straw compatible with liquid manure systems. The focus was on the effect of providing straw by FT for the prevention of tail biting in tail docked pigs. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from June 2013 to August 2014 in a conventional farrow to finish herd in Germany, which...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to measure the concentrations of apramycin in the plasma and in the gastrointestinal tract during treatment with Apravet® and to determine the maintance of apramycin (APRM) after stopping the treatment. Materials and Methods: Five groups of 4 pigs (Danube white), of both sexes (8.8-10.5 kg), 4-5 weeks of age, were used. On day 0 of the trial, four groups were treated via feed with 8 mg per kg bodyweight (BW)...
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Ryan Von de Leon, Technical Regional Manager Asia/Pacific & China at Phytobiotics, explains how to support animals using Sangromix Zn, a plant-based product to reduce stressful periods
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Pathogen control is a crucial challenge faced especially in the young animal stage of production. Young animals are very prone to pathogen infection since their gut takes time to fully develop. In this TechTalk, Annafe Perino, Product Manager from Southeast Asia and Pacific, shares how organic acids work to support animals in managing gut pH, fighting pathogenic bacteria as well as controlling pathogen proliferation....
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Ten research projects have been funded as part of the Swine Health Information Center’s Wean-to-Harvest Biosecurity Program in collaboration with the Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research and the Pork Checkoff. Each project is designed to achieve the objectives of cost-effective, innovative solutions for a significant biosecurity gap in U.S. swine production. Institutions receiving awards in this first round of funding are Iowa State University, Carthage Veterinary Service,...
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The Swine Health Information Center seeks a second round of research proposals to investigate cost-effective and innovative technologies, protocols, or ideas to enhance biosecurity during the wean-to-harvest phase of pig production, due April 28, 2023. Funding for the selected proposals will be provided by SHIC, the Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research, and Pork Checkoff as part of SHIC’s Wean-to-Harvest Biosecurity Program to be implemented over 2023-2024. The first round of...
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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major human and animal health problem that is linked with antimicrobial usage. Given current knowledge of the problems caused by AMR in humans and animals, it is important to explore the reasons for differing levels of antimicrobial use in Irish pig production and assess its impact on animal health and performance. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire including 90 questions on different aspects of pig...
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Introduction: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( App ) and Haemophilus parasuis ( Hps ) are fastidious bacterial species commonly isolated in clinical specimens from pigs. App is associated with necrotizing pneumonia and Hps with polyserositis, arthritis and meningitis in pigs. The treatment has traditionally involved using beta-lactam antibiotics, to which the isolates of both pathogens have been almost universally...
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Introduction: Staphylococci are a major disease burden for animals and humans. In swine, Staphylococcus hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) which is characterized by skin lesions and a greasy exudate. Outbreaks of this disease can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Swine are also common carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and, although this agent poses little threat to swine, its zoonotic potential is...
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Introduction: The objective of this study is the characterization of antimicrobial sensitivity of 9 Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona isolates. Leptospira not only represents a risk to human health, but the study of its susceptibility also lies on the development of its treatment and control in farms to reduce economic losses (e.g. piglets' abortion). Existing studies have used L. interrogans human isolates serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar...
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Introduction: Although current evidence suggests a relatively low prevalence of MRSA in pigs in the USA, concerns remain about spread of multidrug resistance bacteria from the farm environment to swine workers and the wider community. The aim of this study was to characterize antibiotic resistance profiles of SA isolated from growing pigs in the USA. Materials and Methods: Twenty nasal swabs were collected from 36 growing pig sites in 11states in the USA,...
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Introduction: The local tolerance at injection site is an important parameter for animal welfare and to avoid lesions which may impair carcass quality. The aim of this study was to compare local tolerance of two injectable formulations marketed in Mexico, both containing 400 mg of florfenicol per mL. Materials and Methods: Fourteen healthy pigs of both sex weighing 82 kg in average were housed in individual pens and randomly allocated to 2 groups...
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Introduction: Respiratory infections remain a significant problem for the swine industry and result in substantial economic loss. Swine Respiratory Disease (SRD) is a complex condition involving viral agents and bacterial agents such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( App ), Haemophilus parasuis ( Hp ), Bordetella bronchiseptica ( Bb ) and Pasteurella multocida ( Pm ). The in vitro activity of...
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Introduction: Gamithromycin, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Zactran® 15% w/v gamithromycin injection from Merial, is a novel azalide antimicrobial developed for the treatment of swine respiratory disease. Gamithromycin is a 15-membered semi-synthetic macrolide with a uniquely positioned alkylated nitrogen at the 7a-position of the lactone ring. The PK properties and dose proportionality of gamithromycin in swine plasma were determined after a single...
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