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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
In this Engormix interview, Todd Thurman (Swine Insights International) comments on the need for accurate and timely information to make important decisions, such as culling, and how artificial intelligence can help....
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Introduction: Recurrent influenza infections in swine herds are characterized by swine influenza A virus (swIAV) infections occurring at a fixed age in successive batches, when a significant part of the piglets still have swIAV maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). Although passive immunity is known to provide partial protection against infection, its impact on transmission is not fully understood. The present study aimed at estimating the protective impact of MDAs derived from...
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Optimising pellet processing to boost pellet quality and profitability
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Introduction: A humpy-backed syndrome of pigs has persisted in the British pork industry and causes of the deformity have been difficult to identify (Penny RHC, 1986). The disease presents challenges in regards to handling the carcass (Holl et al , 2008) and is suspected to slow down growth rate (Straw, Bates, & May, 2009). There is no clear evidence of the biological mechanisms by which kyphosis is induced. Through collecting tissue samples from affected and healthy pigs...
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Dr. Jeremy Cottrell from the University of Melbourne, speaks about the impact of Heat stress in pigs ...
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Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs
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Jeff Zimmerman (Iowa State University) discussed area density, models and prevention of diseases, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Introduction: Patho-anatomical lesions are routinely recorded at meat inspection of swine carcasses in Denmark. The original purpose was to safeguard food. For an additional fee, a more thorough post mortem examination of lungs can be performed at the Danish Pig Research Centre (DPRC) with the specific purpose of diagnosing respiratory disorders. However, for the herd manager or veterinarian, it is tempting to use the frequent and free-of-charge recordings from the meat...
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Introduction: Intervention to a PED break includes initiating a multi-facet program focusing on a planned whole herd exposure, biosecurity and sanitation protocol with the goal of PED elimination. There is no literature following a group of individual sows and gilts over a years’ time to measure fecal shedding, antibody levels and impact on performance. The objectives of this project were to evaluate: 1) Duration of shedding in individual sows 2) Individual sow antibody...
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Introduction: Recent studies have identified a novel influenza virus circulating in swine and cattle. The virus, distantly related to human influenza C virus, has been provisionally designated as influenza D virus (IDV) and a new genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family was proposed. This novel virus was identified for the first time in pigs with influenza-like illness, but subsequent serologic and virological studies conducted in USA and in France have suggested cattle as...
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Introduction Zearalenone (ZEA) is a worldwide distributed mycotoxin as indicated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1–3 Its toxicity and incidence was confirmed by recent reports. 4,5 This resorcylic lactone is produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum and is one of the most important toxins causing serious reproductive failures in pig production, due to its ability to couple 17--estradiol receptors. This interference with cytosolic...
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Chris Parks (Cargill) talked about symptoms and subclinical issues regarding mycotoxin effects on swine health, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Lisa Becton (National Pork Board) talks about the painful experience of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED), as well as the improvements made and the measures taken, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Paul Yeske and Ryan Strobel (Swine Vet Center) discuss the obligation of containment when there are positive cases and the measures to take, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Optimising pellet processing to boost pellet quality and profitability
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Paul Yeske (Swine Vet Center) comments on the variants found in different regions, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Katherine Vande Pol (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) talks about pre-mortality, decline in body temperature and measures to help, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs
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Paul Yeske (Swine Vet Center) talks about control programs and the three stages where the risk should be minimized, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Introduction The gut microbes of mammals are integral to the prevention of infectious diseases, maintenance of intestinal morphology, nutrient digestion and metabolism, immune modulation of the host (Nicholson et al., 2005; Romick-Rosendale et al., 2009; Hooper et al., 2012). Immediately after birth, the piglet gut is rapidly colonized by a complex and diverse microbiota derived from the sow and environment (Konstantinov et al., 2006). As the pig grows, the gut microbiota becomes...
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Background The process of microbial colonization of the gut after birth plays an important role in the development of the neonatal immune system of mammals with implications during their whole life [1]. Immediately after birth, environmental and maternal bacteria, including colonization via the vagina, nipple surface, and milk, quickly colonize the offspring gut and establish the initial microbiota of the piglet [2,3,4]. The intestinal microbiota protects against colonization by...
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Dr. Margarita Trujano, Technical Director & Swine specialist at Agrimprove, points out What endotoxins are, How they affect pigs, and also How you can manage endotoxins?
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I. Introduction The UK review of antimicrobial resistance presented now outdated 2014 data on AMR consequences for human life (O’Neill, 2016). They estimated that 700,000 people die every year from AMR, with concerning devastating effects on infant mortality. In India, 60,000 newborn babies die each year from antibiotic-resistant neonatal infections. This problem is more prominent in less developed countries but by no means restricted to them. In the US, there are more than two...
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INTRODUCTION Salinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic used in pigs as a growth promoter (Rutz & Lima 2001) and preventively to control the clinical signs of enteric diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Brachyspira (Hampson et al. 2006). Properly used, ionophores are effective in both indications, but they are myotoxic in excessive doses (Novilla 1992). Salinomycin facilitates ionic flow through the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes (Mitani et al. 1976)....
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