Suleman Arshad

These type of cystic ducts are also seen in case of male broilers. I think it is congenital anomaly and it should be called as cystic ducts(whether Mullerian or Wolfrian ducts).

Dra.g.rao, In Argentina all strains involved in Fowl Cholera outbreaks, mostly in broiler breeders, so far have been always encapsulated. Capsules are easy to be detected by preparing very thin smears from fresh organ imprints extended together with a drop of Indian ink. Under microscope ghost images of white bacilli over black background indicates presence of capsulated isolates.

Despite large attention on this disease, FC still remains a problem in the modern poultry industry. Virulence among isolates is highly variable. Encapsulated strains, are typically more invasive than strains that lack capsules. This accounts for increased virulence in the encapsulated organisms since they are better able to reproduce in the tissues and produce more toxin. Also, recent work sugges ...

Dr Charles Ibe Yes,,, Thanks sir

I am from Bangladesh... I shared my real farm experience to controlling FC1. Schedule wise FC vaccination (8-9 wks 1st vaccine & then booster vaccine 13-14 wks age)2. Maintain strict biosecurity management in farm3. Water sanitizer blenching use to purify or sterilizing water4. Organic Acid use in water for control FC bacterium. 5. Garlic Extract use in water & feed Sometimes. 6. Litter ma ...

It is very rear to have fowl cholera in Broiler chicken. In Nigeria E coli infection is more common.

The mechanisms of action of probiotics include enhancement of the epithelial barrier, increased adhesion to intestinal mucosa, and concomitant inhibition of pathogen adhesion, competitive exclusion of pathogenic microorganisms, production of anti-microorganism substances and modulation of the immune system (from Google search) From the above it is obvious that probiotics compete with Gram negativ ...

Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice to successfully control the fowl typhoid scientifically due to bacteria is a gram-negative and ceftriaxone shows the strongest sensitivity to gram-negative bacteria.

Owodunni Olugemi my experience, Amoxycillin still working against pateurella. maybe depends on the area, here amoxiycillin works better than OTC. But the very best way is to do rodent control and drinking water sanitation.