phd.nawfal

INTRODUCTIONConventional broiler production is dependent on maize as a source of energy and soybean meal as a source of protein. Nutrient digestibility of plant-based feeds in poultry is limited by the proportion of their components for which there are no corresponding endogenous enzyme secretions. These components include non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) that are present within the cell walls of ...

1. IntroductionOrganic and free-range poultry have been increasingly available to the average consumer due to increased consumers’ demand for meat and egg products [1]. In fact, with the increased intensity of modern production agriculture, many consumers share views that organic and free-range products are in some way better for them, or at least follow production practices that are more co ...

IntroductionDorsal cranial myopathy (DCM) is characterized by muscular changes, including degenerative and multiphasic lesions that specifically affect the anterior Latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle in chickens, a superficial, bilateral muscle located in the dorsal region of the wings, which functions as an abductor of the humerus and wings [1–4]. Macroscopically, the ALD muscle region affected ...

The gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of poultry has a complex and dynamic microbial community consisting primarily of bacteria whose cell wall contains the structural polymer peptidoglycans (PGNs). Bacterial cell wall recycling is a process whereby bacteria degrade their own wall during growth in order to recover released constituents by active transport. These nutrients are then reutilized to either ...

Phytase supplementation of broiler diets can improve energy, amino acid, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) utilization. Both fungal- and bacterial-derived phytases are commonly added to broiler diets. Phytases from different sources and even from the same source can have different pH optima, heat stability, and catalytic properties (Dersjant-Li et al, 2015). Furthermore, when different microbial phy ...

Systemic enzymes have long history in medicine and are widely used to combat various kinds of stress, inflammatory disorders & immunosuppression. Key ingredient in Immunotech is Serratiopeptidase which is a protein (proteolytic) enzyme isolated from the nonpathogenic enterobacteria Serratia E15 found in silkworms.MECHANISM OF ACTION:Immunotech increases the serum levels of systemic enzymes, wh ...

I. INTRODUCTIONExogenous phytases increased apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of 17 amino acids by an average of 4.13% (0.833 versus 0.800) in one meta-analysis (Cowieson et al., 2017); however, the scale of responses varies. Phytases increased apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of 16 amino acids by averages of 12.7%, 7.24% and 9.15%, respectively, across three selected assays (Amer ...

I. INTRODUCTIONExogenous enzymes are susceptible to denature when exposed to low-pH conditions, normally prevailing in the gastric phase. Hence, resistance to low-pH is considered one of the key criterion for the suitability of commercial phytase enzymes for animal feed application. The pH-stability is assessed in-vitro by measuring the recovery of enzyme activity after exposing enzyme protein to ...

INTRODUCTIONFeed particle size is an often-overlooked aspect of poultry production. Producers should not assume that feed is of a uniform size and homogeneously mixed, or that the feed mill is providing the ideal mix of particles in a ration. Feed particles range in size from very fine to coarse, and different grinding methods will result in different particle size distributions. Differences in pa ...

The genetic potential of modern broiler strains can only be exploited by focusing on their changed nutritional requirements. Feed is the most important aspect of poultry production which is primarily based on corn and soy, but the cost of feed ingredients for poultry diets continues to rise due to increased demand and decreased availability. This has resulted in rise in conventional feed formulati ...