phd.nawfal

1. IntroductionChickens represent the most widespread source of animal protein that is acceptable for nearly all communities, and, not surprisingly, the highly efficient commercial production of chickens is practised daily worldwide. However, chickens also represent a reservoir of zoonotic agents like Salmonella or Campylobacter.Chickens in commercial production are hatched from disinfected eggs i ...

When building a new house or retrofitting an older one, tunnel fan selection is one of the most, if not the most important decision a producer has to make. A house’s fans are essentially the engine of the ventilation system and as a result have a significant effect on a producer’s ability to maintain the proper environmental conditions throughout the year. Furthermore, with rising elec ...

Litter management is a cornerstone of sustainable poultry production, directly impacting bird health, environmental safety, and community acceptance. Among the many challenges faced by poultry producers, fly infestation and persistent odour remain the most difficult to control. These issues not only affect farm hygiene but also pose risks of disease transmission, regulatory scrutiny, and strained ...

1 IntroductionThe rising number of recently reported human illnesses with bacterial infections resistant to multiple antibacterial agents has become a fundamental concern in recent years [1, 2]. This phenomenon has become a serious concern with regard to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria called “superbugs” [3, 4], especially when considering that humans only started using ...

1. IntroductionRecent trends in food animal production emphasize reducing antibiotic use due to the growing threat of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria [1,2]. Consequently, there is a critical need for sustainable alternatives that promote growth and health while maintaining production efficiency. Phytobiotics are plant-derived compounds that have emerged as promising candidates for this role ...

Poultry is a homothermal animal, and its body covers with feathers to increase its cold resistance. However, Taiwan is an island that lies in the tropic of cancer, and the general climate is marine tropical. During summer, this mechanism is adverse to heat dissipation and causes heat stress.Heat stress is a familiar stress effect that will affect animals’ growth performance, productivity, an ...

1. IntroductionThe surface of eggshells can be contaminated by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp., which may account for 84% and 77% of the present Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively [1]. In addition to antibiotic resistance [1], Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) may also be associated with the death of chicken embryos ...

What is live haul?Turkeys are typically raised for 10 to 20 weeks, depending on bird sex, size, and product criteria for markets. Once the market weight is achieved, turkeys are herded, loaded, and transported to slaughter plants for stunning and processing.These events of herding, loading, and transporting turkeys are commonly referred to as “load out” or “live haul” (henc ...

What is the pre-slaughter phase?The preslaughter phase is the last phase of the broiler chicken’s life before slaughter.This phase includes multiple steps: withdrawal of feed and water, catching, loading into transportation crates, and transportation by road, In some cases, chickens may be placed in lairage (waiting area) after arrival at the processing plant. The chickens are then removed f ...