Article published the December 20, 2019
Article published the April 4, 2019
Humic acids (HA) are a principal component of humic substances in organic constituents of soil, compost and coal; however, HA are also an important organic component in streams, lakes, and oceans (Lehmann and Kleber, 2015). Humic acids are produced by biodegradation of organic matter, hence they are a complex mixture of many different acids containing carboxyl and phenolate groups (Pandey et al., ...
Article published the December 3, 2018
Introduction
Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are by-products obtained during production of biofuels as renewable energy sources. During starch fermentation from cereal grains, ethanol and CO2 are produced; meanwhile, the remaining nutrients are concentrated in the DDGS fraction (Singh et al., 2005). Corn is the main cereal used in ethanol production in the United States; however, oth ...
Article published the January 18, 2018
INTRODUCTION
The intestinal epithelium constitutes the largest and most important barrier against external environmental agents and has two critical functions: to prevent the entry of harmful intraluminal microorganisms, antigens, and toxins, and to enable the selective translocation of dietary nutrients and electrolytes into circulation (Salminen and Isolauri, 2006; Salzman, 2011; Elson and Con ...
Article published the December 1, 2017
INTRODUCTION
In the winter of 1959, the British cargo ship Rosetti, unloaded a shipment of peanut meal from Brazil to England, which was utilized as a protein supplement in the diets of poultry and other domestic animals. By summer of 1960, an outbreak of an unknown disease killed several species of poultry including turkeys, ducklings, and pheasants. In all, 500 cases were reported involving the ...
Article published the September 14, 2017
INTRODUCTION
The continuous tendency to reduce the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry production, due to social concern about generation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, has resulted in the crucial necessity to find economically viable alternatives that can maintain optimal health and performance parameters under commercial conditions (1, 2). One possible substitute for AGP tha ...
Article published the July 13, 2017
INTRODUCTION
Fluoroquinolones are the third generation of quinolone development. Nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid are examples of the first generation and currently have limited activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Fluorinated 4-quinolones were introduced to the market in the 1980s and were the top of the line antibiotics, offering a broad spectrum of activity and high efficacy in a wide ran ...
Article published the June 15, 2017
1. Introduction
Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by some strains of Aspergillus species which are commonly found in cereals worldwide and bring significant threats to the food industry and animal production [1]. At least 14 different types of aflatoxins are produced in nature [2,3]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus ...
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February 22, 2017