Dr Umer Zahid

1. Contextual analysisMansehra District is located in the Khyberpakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also links to the road to Kaghan Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake Saiful Mulook and Babusar Top. Siran valley is one of the most important valleys with respect to watershed and rangeland resources of the District. The valley is situated on the main road leading from Islamabad to Gilgit Baltistan.  The r ...

IntroductionGrouping cows is a common practice farmers use to manage their herd more efficiently. Farmers use this strategy to separate far-off, close-up, sick, fresh, and pregnant cows. Grouping addresses cows’ specific needs. However, grouping lactating cows for nutritional purposes and providing groups with more precise diets has not been adopted as widely as it could be, despite the fact ...

INTRODUCTION Today’s dairy farms are changing dynamically, with increasing herd size and more hired employees. On larger U.S. farms, there is a reliance on non-family immigrant or contract laborers. Latinos have surpassed African-Americans as the nation’s largest minority group, constituting 17% of the U.S. total population in 2014 (1). This is reflected within the dairy industry, and ...

INTRODUCTIONDigital dermatitis (DD) is a widespread bacterial foot lesion in cattle that typically develops on the bulb of the heel, causing ulcerative lesions that may be uncomfortable or very painful (Cheli and Mortellaro, 1974; Döpfer et al., 1997). It is the most common foot lesion in confined dairy systems, with a prevalence ranging from 15 to 49% (Holzhauer et al., 2006; USDA, 2009; Sol ...

 Q: What are the main consequences of heat stress?A: Regarding milk production, there are different factors, not just volume, but also fat content and protein in the milk and quality of the milk; that means, the somatic cell count that increases when the cow is in that condition of stress. It also affects fertility, and the effect is an increase of the days open above what is recommended ...

IntroductionSustainability of dairy farm production systems can be measured by the intersection between profitability and environmental stewardship. It is clear that unprofitable farms are destined to go out of business. Similarly, although not as evident, farms that are not efficient in the use of input resources, having higher wastages, and consequently producing more emissions, are likely to be ...

The "Winter-Summer Ratio" report was developed by Dr. Israel Flamenbaum and Ephraim Ezra. This report reflects the gap in the performance of cows in different seasons and the ability of the individual farm to cope with the negative impact of the summer. The report has been published regularly since 2005, including milk production, fat and protein percentages, SCC, and Conception Rate to all insemi ...