Mohammad Hosein Shahir

INTRODUCTIONLeucine (Leu) is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that is essential for poultry species. It is one of the most potent amino acids regarding its effects on protein synthesis and degradation, energy balance regulation, modulation of insulin secretion, a nitrogen donor for muscle production and a critical regulator to initiate the translation and protein synthesis (Antony et al., 2002; ...

INTRODUCTIONAscites or pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is one of the main causes of mortality in modern broilers. It is estimated that ascites incidence may be as high as 20% of total mortality in broilers [1]. Due to selection for rapid growth, broiler chickens have a high metabolic rate and hence higher oxygen requirements. However, they have a marginal capacity of lung and cardiovascular ...

INTRODUCTIONThe rapid growth of modern broilers in a relatively short period of time requires a parallel increase in the size or capacity of supply organs, such as those of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, due to the slower development of these organs relative to body growth rate, the capacity to balance body energy is compromised, particularly under extreme environment conditi ...