Choline for All Cows

Umberto Francesa ReaShure and Rumen Protected Choline has been shown to be effective regardless BCS pre-calving as shown in the short summary above. A recent metanalyses related to the effect of rumen protected choline in transition dairy cows (Arshad at al., 2020), has clearly shown that choline is beneficial regardless the milk production as well. Cows with an average production of 20 Kg of milk as well as cows producing 40/45 kg of milk do benefit by the administration of cholin chloride, with an average response in milk equal to 2,1 Kg of milk. This is happening because choline and its metabolites phosphatydilcholine becomes in shortage during the transition period due to the "draining effect" exerted by the fetus during the last stages of development and by the mammary gland in early lactation stages due to colostrum and milk production. This is happening in any cow, regardless BCS, milk potential, nutrition and management.
Moreover, recent studies showed the beneficial effect of feeding RPC to transition cows on their off-spring (Zenobi et al., 2018), probably due to an epigenetic effect.