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Vitamins and minerals in dairy cattle nutrition
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With the recent withdrawal of Kexxtone from the European market, dairy farmers are seeking new solutions for managing the challenging transition period of dairy cows. ReaShure®-XC Precision Release Choline and NiaShure™ Precision Release Niacin offer an innovative and comprehensive approach to improving cow health, increasing milk production, and promoting calf health and productivity. Both products can help support transition cow health, resulting in a significant return on...
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Chel means CLAW in Greek. The Mineral needs a support to CLAW itself. This support is provided by Amino Acids and this organic support is called LIGAND in chemistry. Amino Acids have a very low molecular weight and can be absorbed easily through the walls of the intestine and hence are most preferred ligands for chelation. ...
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Dairy cows are often thought of as metabolic super athletes, requiring hard work and a herculean effort to achieve high milk production. In reality, it’s just the opposite. Productivity is an expression of health and vitality, not a result of the cow working under stress. Put a cow in a healthy environment, provide adequate nutrition and they’ll fully express their genetic potential in the form of exceptional milk production. Instead of involving hard...
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Dr. José Santos from the University of Florida discusses the essential role of choline in dairy nutrition during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part II)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dry period heat stress significantly reduces milk yield in the subsequent lactation in cows. Altered methylation patterns in mammary tissues is associated with the decline in milk yield. We hypothesized that as a methyl donor, choline (RPC) supplementation reverses similar patterns of methylation and thus productivity in heat-stressed dams. Late-gestation Holstein cows (n = 51) housed in freestall barns were enrolled to either heat stress (HT, n = 12), HT with RPC (HTC, n = 11), cooling (CL,...
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Multiple EAA drive milk protein production in dairy cows, including His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, and Thr. Therefore, determining bioavailability of rumen-protected AA (RPAA) is essential for optimal EAA supply. We aimed to evaluate bioavailability of lipid-encapsulated prototypes of His, Ile, Lys, Met, and Thr and an isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio) butanoic acid (HMBi). Six Holstein heifers (518 ± 28 kg BW) were allocated in a 6 × 8 Youden square design, with 8 periods...
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Effect of dry period heat stress and rumen protected choline on productivity of Holstein cows
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Our objective was to evaluate changes in choline metabolism including bacterial degradation to trimethylamine (TMA), methyl group transfer, and bioavailability in pregnant and lactating cows. Six multiparous, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were enrolled in a study design where they were abomasally infused 18 g/d choline chloride (CC; dissolved in water; 170 mL/h) for a 5-d experimental period at −3 wk from expected due date and again at 2 wk postpartum. The stable-isotope...
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Current approaches to study choline bioavailability do not account for the ruminal or postruminal bacterial degradation of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and TMA N-oxide (TMAO). To evaluate choline bioavailability, 8 multiparous Holstein cows (184 ± 109 d in milk) were enrolled in a study with a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were (1) 0 g/d of supplemental choline chloride (CTR), (2) 16.8 g/d of unprotected choline chloride (CC) delivered as a continuous ruminal infusion...
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The discovery of choline dates back to 1850s when French pharmacist, Théodore Gobley discovered a group of phospholipids that he named lecithin. Seventy years later, during the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting, his student Charles Best noticed that depancreatized dogs developed hepatic lipidosis. Subsequently in the early 1930s, Best showed that supplementing lecithin reversed and prevented hepatic lipidosis in dogs and rats. It took another 67 years for dietary choline to be...
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A technique has been established to determine the TMR stability of rumen-protected (RP)-lysine products, but the TMR stability of RPcholine (RPC) products has not yet been explored. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 5 RPC products using a modified technique. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPC (equivalent of 1 g of choline chloride [CC]), no RPC (negative control), or unprotected CC (positive control; 1 g of CC) mixed with 200 g of TMR (38% DM) were...
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Amino acids (AA) undergo complex metabolism for protein synthesis or excretion after oxidation. We investigated the fate of metabolizable Lys via continuous abomasal infusion of 15 N-Lys. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (147.0 ± 63.2 d in milk, 49.4 ± 9.5 kg milk yield) received 0.6 g/d of 15 N-Lys into the abomasum for 5 d. Cows were offered a common diet (16.6% crude protein; 89% of metabolizable Lys requirement) once daily for an ad libitum intake....
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Choline supplementation is known to modify hepatic lipid metabolism in the dairy cow, but little is known about its effect on mammary lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of increasing doses of abomasally infused choline on milk production and milk lipids using untargeted lipomics. A total of 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 7-d experimental and 7-d rest periods. All cows were fed a common TMR...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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Choline is a methyl donor, which may influence DNA methylation, gene expression, and cellular processes. Past studies have found an increase in milk yield when periparturient dairy cows were supplemented with dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC); however, the mechanism behind this response is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary RPC supplementation on mammary epigenome-wide DNA methylation. Parous Holstein cows were blocked by calving month...
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The impact of heat stress on dairy cattle can be devastating to milk and component production. In this webinar, Dr. Baumgard explores the metabolic and endocrine consequences of heat stress in both growing and lactating animals....
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Effect of dry period heat stress and rumen protected choline on productivity of Holstein cows
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) showed the results of some experimental designs using choline in dairy cows, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part III)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) gives his conclusions of the conference "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part IV)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) summarizes the history of choline, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part I)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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This new science changes everything we thought we knew about choline’s impact on the cow and her calf. ReaShure® Precision Release Choline is the original and most researched rumen-protected choline source, so you can be sure you’re getting the benefits you expect. ...
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Traditionally, milk fever prevention programs have attempted to directly alter Ca status of dairy cows at calving. Common approaches include feeding pre-fresh dairy cows diets containing anionic salts, restricting dietary Ca, feeding hyper-dietary Ca and administering Ca boluses. There is an abundance of research in regard to the mechanisms associated with dietary Ca alteration, dietary cation-anion difference as related to parathyroid hormone and vitamin D and the role they play in the...
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The quality of the transition period is decisive for the success of the subsequent lactation cycle. Cows with a poorer transition produce less milk, take longer to become pregnant, and are more likely to lose pregnancy and to be culled from the herd, causing substantial economic losses. Investments in infrastructure, personnel, and nutrition focused on prevention and treatment of postpartum health problems, when effective, often result in an excellent return of investment because it...
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