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Milk quality
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Packaged, reduced-fat milk was subjected to a 20 min/day temperature cycle during a 7-day refrigeration period to determine the effect on milk quality. Temperature cycling did not affect the compositional or microbial counts in reduced-fat milk stored in various package sizes. Analysis of headspace compounds during the 7 days of storage, however, showed that benzaldehyde, 2-butanone, 2-heptanone, hexanal, and octanal concentrations significantly changed, indicating that milk flavor was altered....
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Progressive dairy farmers aim to increase herd milk yield while improving production efficiency. However, zero payments for over-quota production, surplus skim milk powder on the domestic market and poor cull cow prices have created a precarious situation. More than ever, producers must carefully manage production to avoid shipping over-quota milk. Genetics can play a huge role in milk production management, but only as a long-term strategy. Over a short period, milking frequency and...
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Last summer, the Milk Genomics Initiative revealed the presence of large genetic variation in fat composition of bovine milk. The Milk Genomics Initiative studies the genetic background of detailed milk composition and is a collaborative project between Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre (ABGC) of Wageningen UR (WUR) and the Dairy Science and Technology Group of WUR, funded by WUR, HG, NZO and STW. The DGAT1 gene was shown to be a major gene involved in the variation in...
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Biofilm is made from bacterial cells that can elevate the standard plate count and decrease the quality of milk as it flows through the pipeline. Biofilms are everywhere, from the plaque on your teeth to the slime on rocks in a creek to the slime that forms on the inside of a vase holding flowers. The medical and industrial communities have taken considerable interest lately in what biofilms are made of, how they form and how they thrive in adverse conditions. ...
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Milk quality is never an accident...it takes careful planning and implementation. Low cell count herds have protocols and procedures that address dry cow management, cow handling, facilities, milking procedures and udder preparation. Although some of the particulars vary, the basics are the same. Having procedures in place that would result in milking clean, dry, well stimulated teats is a key. There is no magic bullet to accomplish this, but here are some suggestions....
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A survey of milking equipment in Florida revealed that many of the pulsators and vacuum controllers were not functioning properly. Research has demonstrated that major mastitis problems can occur when cows are milked with malfunctioning pulsation and vacuum controllers. The most common cause of these malfunctions, is a lack of regular maintenance. If you have not performed these maintenance chores in some time, now would be a good time to start. Routine performance and use of the schedule on...
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Proper milking procedures are important for the prevention of mastitis and for insuring complete milk removal from the udder. Mastitis can decrease total milk production by 15 to 20%. To minimize loss and achieve maximum milk yield, a practical milking management scheme should be followed. The term "milking management" includes care for the environment in which cows are housed or pastured. The dairy cow should have a clean, dry environment. This helps reduce the potential for...
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Producing milk requires a lot of time and energy on the farm. Producing quality milk requires attention to detail. It has been said that it doesn't take any longer to do the job right than to do it wrong, and this is true with producing quality milk. The production of quality milk starts with routine maintenance of the milking system. This should be done by your milking equipment provider every six months to ensure proper operation of the pulsators, vacuum and cooling systems....
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What is urea ? Urea is an end-product of protein metabolism that is synthesized from ammonia primarily in the liver. Animals convert excess ammonia to urea because ammonia is toxic while urea is not. The concentration of urea in milk is referred to as milk urea nitrogen (MUN) while the concentration of urea in blood is referred to as blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Urea concentration is typically analyzed on-farm as MUN because milk is easier, less invasive and less expensive to...
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The first steps towards making designer milk are being taken by scientists who are investigating if you can control milk flavour by controlling the composition of the cow pasture. How about a glass of chicory milk? Or what do you say to a bowl of clover ice cream? In the not-so-distant future it may be that consumers can choose dairy products with naturally different taste variations because the cows have been fed “to flavour”. Scientists from the Faculty of...
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Fat composition of milk is genetically determined to a great extent. The fat content and the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in milk can be traced back to a great extent to the genetic predisposition of cows. This fact was revealed by a major study conducted by ABGC and the Dairy science group of Wageningen University. Researchers at Wageningen have isolated a gene that plays a major role in determining the composition of fat in milk. The...
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Pre-milking cow prep, who needs it? The simple answer to the question is YOU DO! Every dairy should optimize pre-milking cow prep to meet today’s milk quality standards. Optimal pre-milking cow prep contributes to increasing milk yield, lowering milking “machine-on” time, and improving udder health. However, these are not the main reasons that pre-milking cow prep will continue to be recommended in the future. High bacteria or SCC in milk reduces shelf life of pasteurized...
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Some call it the Holstein Hilton: a dairy farm in Manitoba where cows freely line up to be milked and fed by robots. It's one of the first voluntary milking systems in the province. "The funniest is when the old-timers come in here," said John Georgison, who runs the farm with his brother. "They can't believe it when they see the cows actually walk in and milk themselves." Cows at the farm line up by themselves and enter an automated stall one by...
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Researchers have come up with a new, inexpensive tool for increasing milk production without resorting to growth hormones, according to a study published Monday. They have discovered that suppressing the serotonin in mammary glands can boost milk output by 15 percent. Changes in the levels of this hormone can affect mood -- but scientists think they've found a way to do it without giving cows the blues. "I don't know how you'd tell a depressed cow, but no ... (the drug)...
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Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists are testing a plant-produced, therapeutic protein, which thwarts bacteria that cause inflammatory udder disease in dairy cows. They turned a laboratory-produced plant virus into a delivery vehicle that carries a specific gene. The target gene expresses large quantities of a protein called CD14. When the virus reproduces itself inside plant cells, it generates CD14. The researchers designed the virus to use the plant as a patent-pending...
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Animals that have eaten genetically modified (GMO) feed show no residual traces in their eggs or meat, the EU's food safety agency said on Friday. In February, the European Commission received a petition from international environment group Greenpeace and signed by one million EU citizens demanding special labels for dairy and other products where the animals had eaten GMO feed. The Commission, the EU's executive arm, then asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for its...
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Milk processing capacity will be the main factor influencing the scale of Ireland’s dairy industry in the future. Together with efficiency and added value, processing capacity will have a major bearing on farm income and on the future expansion plans of the industry. This emerged at a major Teagasc dairy open day in Moorepark , Fermoy, County Cork, Thursday, 21 June. Speaking at Moorepark 07 Professor Liam Donnelly, Teagasc head of Food...
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Cows could be bred to produce only skimmed milk within the next five years, researchers have said, offering a new way of meeting consumer demand for lower fat dairy.
Scientists in New Zealand say some of the country's four million cows contain genes that could be used to make them produce only skimmed milk.
Their work, published in Chemistry & Industry magazine, could help the dairy industry meet consumer demand for lower fat products while also reducing wastage.
A first commercial...
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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and has been documented to be important for the health of both animals and humans (Rayman, 2000; McKenzie et al., 1998). However, selenium intake is generally low in many areas of the world, particularly the Nordic countries, where content of selenium in soil is low. Thus, feed for livestock is supplemented with selenium, mostly as inorganic sodium selenite, although bioavailability of inorganic selenium is lower than that of organic forms (Ortman...
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Introduction The essential trace element selenium (Se) is fundamental to mammalian health, influencing growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function and fertility. Westernised cultures, including some European nations, have identified suboptimal intakes of Se according to recent accumulated survey data, a result that may be exacerbated by some modern agricultural practices (Rayman, 2000). A similar situation applies in Australia and New Zealand where Se-deficit status...
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